The role of bioenergy for global deep decarbonization: CO 2 removal or low-carbon energy?
The role of bioenergy for global deep decarbonization: CO 2 removal or low-carbon energy?
复制标题
生物能源在全球深度脱碳中的作用：去除CO 2 还是低碳能源？
DOI：
10.1111/gcbb.12666
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Butnar I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Butnar I
预计生物能源将在限制全球温室气体排放以实现《巴黎协定》的气候变化目标方面发挥突出作用。许多研究将碳捕获和储存（BECCS）生物能源发电的负排放确定为其主要贡献，但假设没有其他CO2去除技术可用。我们使用一个全球综合评估模型TIAM-UCL来研究生物能源在全球能源系统中的作用，当直接空气捕获和植树造林作为BECCS的具有成本竞争力的替代方案时。我们发现，其他CO2去除技术的存在并没有减少对生物质资源的压力，但改变了生物能源的使用，以缓解气候变化。虽然我们证实，当BECCS可用时，它提供了更便宜的脱碳途径，但我们也发现，它的使用推迟了工业和运输中未减少的化石燃料的逐步淘汰。此外，它取代了可再生能源发电，可能会增加错过巴黎协定目标的可能性。我们发现最具成本效益的解决方案是投资一篮子二氧化碳去除技术。然而，如果这些技术依赖于CCS，那么就需要采取紧急行动来加强必要的基础设施。我们的结论是，可持续的生物质供应是全球能源系统脱碳的关键。由于世界上只有少数几个地区承担着生产生物质资源和以地质储存方式储存二氧化碳的负担，因此需要充分的国际合作、政策和标准来实现这一资源，同时避免不必要的土地利用变化。
Bioenergy is expected to have a prominent role in limiting global greenhouse emissions to meet the climate change target of the Paris Agreement. Many studies identify negative emissions from bioenergy generation with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) as its key contribution, but assume that no other CO2removal technologies are available. We use a global integrated assessment model, TIAM‐UCL, to investigate the role of bioenergy within the global energy system when direct air capture and afforestation are available as cost‐competitive alternatives to BECCS. We find that the presence of other CO2removal technologies does not reduce the pressure on biomass resources but changes the use of bioenergy for climate mitigation. While we confirm that when available BECCS offers cheaper decarbonization pathways, we also find that its use delays the phase‐out of unabated fossil fuels in industry and transport. Furthermore, it displaces renewable electricity generation, potentially increasing the likelihood of missing the Paris Agreement target. We found that the most cost‐effective solution is to invest in a basket of CO2removal technologies. However, if these technologies rely on CCS, then urgent action is required to ramp up the necessary infrastructure. We conclude that a sustainable biomass supply is critical for decarbonizing the global energy system. Since only a few world regions carry the burden of producing the biomass resource and store CO2in geological storage, adequate international collaboration, policies and standards will be needed to realize this resource while avoiding undesired land‐use change.