Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Triassic coal from the Caotang mine, northeastern Sichuan Basin, China, with emphasis on the enrichment of the critical element lithium
Mineralogy and geochemistry of the Late Triassic coal from the Caotang mine, northeastern Sichuan Basin, China, with emphasis on the enrichment of the critical element lithium
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中国四川盆地东北部草堂矿晚三叠世煤的矿物学和地球化学，重点关注关键元素锂的富集
DOI：
10.1016/j.oregeorev.2021.104582
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发表时间：
2021-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
et al.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou M;Zhao L;Wang X;et al.
从经济角度出发，全面研究煤中关键元素的含量、赋存状态和来源具有重要意义。以往的研究认为，煤中Li、Ga、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等关键元素主要来源于陆源输入的铝硅酸盐矿物，而热液成因的Li在煤中很少发现。四川盆地东北部草堂矿区晚三叠世煤是一种高灰、中硫、低挥发分的烟煤。这些煤中的主要矿物是伊利石、方解石、高岭石和石英，少量的方解石、硫酸盐矿物、钠云母、黄铁矿和黄铁矿，沿着微量的磷酸盐矿物。与世界硬煤和中国普通煤相比，草堂煤中的临界元素Li高出约20倍。煤低温灰中Li含量（89.1 ~ 520 μg/g，平均291 μg/g）与亚氯酸盐丰度呈显著正相关（r = 0.88），表明亚氯酸盐是煤中Li的主要赋存体。本研究中的硅铝石矿物属于三种类型：硅铝石、硅铝石和一种介于两者之间的硅铝石矿物。具有蠕虫状结构的高岭石-硅镁石组合和以硅镁石充填形式出现的含锂硅镁石，表明它们是高岭石与富锂溶液相互作用或在成岩或后生过程中直接从含锂溶液中沉淀而成。根据Al 2 O3/TiO 2比值、稀土元素和钇（REY）配分模式以及Al 2 O3/TiO 2、Zr/TiO 2与Nb/Yb比值的关系，草堂煤的源区组成为来自秦岭东南冲断系、龙门山冲断带、汉南高地和米仓山-大巴山隆起的长英质-中酸性火成岩。高岭石-钠云母组合中自生矿物有绿泥石、方解石、重晶石、黄铁矿、石英和富REY矿物，REY富集模式表明，草堂煤可能经历了多期热液注入。草堂煤被认为是一个有前途的关键元素锂的来源。此外，煤中关键元素Ga、Nb和Ta的浓度进一步增加了其潜在的经济意义。
Comprehensive research on the concentrations, modes of occurrence, and origin of critical elements in coal is significant from an economic point of view. Several previous investigations have attributed the host of critical elements such as Li, Ga, Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf in coals to aluminosilicate minerals derived from terrigenous input, while Li of hydrothermal origin has rarely been found in coals. The Late Triassic coal of the Caotang mine, northeastern Sichuan Basin, China of this study is a high-ash, medium-sulfur, low volatile bituminous coal. The dominant minerals in these coals are illite, calcite, kaolinite, and quartz, with minor chlorite, sulfate minerals, paragonite, pyrite, and anatase, along with traces of phosphate minerals. In comparison with the world hard coals and Chinese common coals, the critical element Li is ∼20-times higher in the Caotang coal. The Li concentrations (range 89.1–520 μg/g, 291 μg/g on average) and the abundance of chlorites in coal low-temperature ashes (LTAs) show a strong correlation (r = 0.88), indicating that chlorites are the dominant host of Li in the coal. The chlorite minerals in this study belong to three types: cookeite, chamosite, and a chlorite mineral of intermediate composition between them. Both the kaolinite-cookeite assemblage with a vermicular texture and Li-bearing chlorite occurring as fracture-fills, indicate that they formed by interaction of kaolinite with Li-rich solutions or directly precipitated from Li-bearing solutions during diagenetic or epigenetic processes. Based on geochemical indicators such as Al2O3/TiO2ratios, rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) distribution patterns, and the relationship between Al2O3/TiO2and Zr/TiO2and Nb/Yb ratios, the source-area compositions of Caotang coals are felsic-intermediate igneous rocks from the southeast Qinling thrust system, Longmenshan thrust belt, Hannan Upland, and Micangshan-Dabashan Uplift. The kaolinite-paragonite assemblage with authigenic minerals such as chamosite, anatase, calcite, barite, pyrite, quartz, and REY-rich minerals, as well as the REY enrichment patterns, suggest that the Caotang coals may have been subjected to a multi-stage injection of hydrothermal fluids. The Caotang coal is considered to be a promising source of the critical element Li. Furthermore, the concentrations of the critical elements Ga, Nb, and Ta in the coal increase its potential economic significance even further.
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