Scale-Dependent Phenological Synchrony between Songbirds and Their Caterpillar Food Source
Scale-Dependent Phenological Synchrony between Songbirds and Their Caterpillar Food Source
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DOI：
10.1086/681572
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Sheldon, Ben C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hinks, Amy E.;Cole, Ella F.;Sheldon, Ben C.
在季节性环境中，繁殖时间具有重要的适应性影响。我们目前对自然系统中生殖物候决定因素的理解是有限的，因为研究经常忽略动物与其环境相互作用的空间尺度。当动物使用有限的空间并且资源物候在空间上变化时，选择可能有利于对小规模环境变化的敏感性。关于鸣禽如何跟踪其食物来源变化的物候的种群水平研究对于解释种群如何适应不断变化的气候具有影响力，但在很大程度上忽略了物候变化的空间尺度。我们探索了大山雀个体是否将其繁殖与当地环境中的物候事件同步，并调查了这种情况发生的空间尺度。我们证明了在与个体鸟类相关的空间尺度上食物供应时间的显着变化，并且这种局部变化预测了个体的繁殖物候。使用 45 年的数据集，我们表明，在非常局部范围内测量植被物候是数年内繁殖时间的最重要预测因素，这表明鸟类可以将其物候微调到其他营养级别的物候。了解不同空间尺度上繁殖行为变异的决定因素可能对于理解选择如何影响自然种群的繁殖物候至关重要。
In seasonal environments, the timing of reproduction has important fitness consequences. Our current understanding of the determinants of reproductive phenology in natural systems is limited because studies often ignore the spatial scale on which animals interact with their environment. When animals use a restricted amount of space and the phenology of resources is spatially variable, selection may favor sensitivity to small-scale environmental variation. Population-level studies of how songbirds track the changing phenology of their food source have been influential in explaining how populations adjust to changing climates but have largely ignored the spatial scale at which phenology varies. We explored whether individual great tits (Parus major) synchronize their breeding with phenological events in their local environment and investigated the spatial scale at which this occurs. We demonstrate marked variation in the timing of food availability, at a spatial scale relevant to individual birds, and that such local variation predicts the breeding phenology of individuals. Using a 45-year data set, we show that measures of vegetation phenology at very local scales are the most important predictors of timing of breeding within years, suggesting that birds can fine-tune their phenology to that of other trophic levels. Knowledge of the determinants of variation in reproductive behavior at different spatial scales is likely to be critical in understanding how selection operates on breeding phenology in natural populations.