Perception and coding of envelopes in weakly electric fishes
Perception and coding of envelopes in weakly electric fishes
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.082321
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Sarah A. Stamper;E. Fortune;M. Chacron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sarah A. Stamper;E. Fortune;M. Chacron
自然感觉刺激具有丰富的时空结构，并且通常可以表征为在较低频率下独立调制的高频信号。这种较低的频率调制称为包络。包络通常存在于各种感觉信号中，例如视觉刺激的对比度调制和听觉刺激的幅度调制。虽然心理物理学研究表明，信封可以携带感知所必需的信息，但人们对信封信息在大脑中的处理方式知之甚少。本文综述了波浪型裸形类弱电鱼的行为显著性及其电感觉系统中包络处理的神经机制。这些鱼可以通过运动产生包络信号，它们的电场在社会群体或通信信号中的相互作用。由前两个行为背景产生的包络在其频率内容上不同，其中运动包络通常具有较低的频率。最近的行为证据表明，弱电鱼以稳健和刻板的方式对社会信封作出反应，以增加信封频率。最后，神经生理学的结果显示如何信封处理的外周和中央的感觉神经元。外周电感觉神经元对刺激和包络信号都有反应。在这些传入的主要后脑受体，电感觉侧线叶（ELL）的神经元，表现出异质性，在他们的刺激和信封信号的反应。在ELL传出神经的靶点--中脑枕叶（Ts）的神经元中实现了刺激和包络信息的完全分离。
Summary Natural sensory stimuli have a rich spatiotemporal structure and can often be characterized as a high frequency signal that is independently modulated at lower frequencies. This lower frequency modulation is known as the envelope. Envelopes are commonly found in a variety of sensory signals, such as contrast modulations of visual stimuli and amplitude modulations of auditory stimuli. While psychophysical studies have shown that envelopes can carry information that is essential for perception, how envelope information is processed in the brain is poorly understood. Here we review the behavioral salience and neural mechanisms for the processing of envelopes in the electrosensory system of wave-type gymnotiform weakly electric fishes. These fish can generate envelope signals through movement, interactions of their electric fields in social groups or communication signals. The envelopes that result from the first two behavioral contexts differ in their frequency content, with movement envelopes typically being of lower frequency. Recent behavioral evidence has shown that weakly electric fish respond in robust and stereotypical ways to social envelopes to increase the envelope frequency. Finally, neurophysiological results show how envelopes are processed by peripheral and central electrosensory neurons. Peripheral electrosensory neurons respond to both stimulus and envelope signals. Neurons in the primary hindbrain recipient of these afferents, the electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL), exhibit heterogeneities in their responses to stimulus and envelope signals. Complete segregation of stimulus and envelope information is achieved in neurons in the target of ELL efferents, the midbrain torus semicircularis (Ts).