The integrated HIV-1 provirus in patient sperm chromosome and its transfer into the early embryo by fertilization.
The integrated HIV-1 provirus in patient sperm chromosome and its transfer into the early embryo by fertilization.
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患者精子染色体中的整合 HIV-1 前病毒及其通过受精转移到早期胚胎中。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0028586
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Huang TH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang D;Li LB;Hou ZW;Kang XJ;Xie QD;Yu XJ;Ma MF;Ma BL;Wang ZS;Lei Y;Huang TH
全面了解艾滋病毒-1传播途径是遏制艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行的重要先决条件。到目前为止，已知的HIV-1传播途径包括性接触、共用针头、穿孔、输血和母婴传播。艾滋病毒能否通过受精从人类精子垂直传播到胚胎在很大程度上还不确定。由于伦理问题和卵子收集方面的问题，直接研究来自受感染的人类精子和健康的人类卵子的胚胎一直很困难。然而，使用人类精子和仓鼠卵子之间的特异性体外受精(IVF)可以避免这两个问题。本研究结合人精子染色体制备、荧光原位杂交(FISH)和免疫荧光分析(IFA)等分子、细胞遗传学和免疫学技术，主要探讨感染者精子的染色体中是否存在整合的HIV前病毒，以及该前病毒能否通过受精转移到早期胚胎中并保持其复制和表达功能。有证据表明，HIV-1核酸存在于HIV/AIDS患者的精子中，HIV-1前病毒存在于患者精子染色体上，整合后的前病毒可通过受精转移到染色体整合的早期胚胎中，并可与胚胎基因组一起复制，随后在胚胎中表达其蛋白。这些发现表明，HIV-1可能通过受精从精子基因组垂直传播到胚胎基因组。这项研究也为研究其他病毒，特别是性传播病毒的这种新的传播方式提供了一个平台。
Complete understanding of the route of HIV-1 transmission is an important prerequisite for curbing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. So far, the known routes of HIV-1 transmission include sexual contact, needle sharing, puncture, transfusion and mother-to-child transmission. Whether HIV can be vertically transmitted from human sperm to embryo by fertilization is largely undetermined. Direct research on embryo derived from infected human sperm and healthy human ova have been difficult because of ethical issues and problems in the collection of ova. However, the use of inter-specific in vitro fertilization (IVF) between human sperm and hamster ova can avoid both of these problems. Combined with molecular, cytogenetical and immunological techniques such as the preparation of human sperm chromosomes, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunofluorescence assay (IFA), this study mainly explored whether any integrated HIV provirus were present in the chromosomes of infected patients' sperm, and whether that provirus could be transferred into early embryos by fertilization and maintain its function of replication and expression. Evidence showed that HIV-1 nucleic acid was present in the spermatozoa of HIV/AIDS patients, that HIV-1 provirus is present on the patient sperm chromosome, that the integrated provirus could be transferred into early embryo chromosomally integrated by fertilization, and that it could replicate alongside the embryonic genome and subsequently express its protein in the embryo. These findings indicate the possibility of vertical transmission of HIV-1 from the sperm genome to the embryonic genome by fertilization. This study also offers a platform for the research into this new mode of transmission for other viruses, especially sexually transmitted viruses.