Activation of mycelial defense mechanisms in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus induced by Tyrophagus putrescentiae
Activation of mycelial defense mechanisms in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus induced by Tyrophagus putrescentiae
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111708
复制
发表时间：
2022-07-29
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Qu, Shaoxuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Huiping;Liu, Junjie;Qu, Shaoxuan
真菌化学物质在识别损伤和微生物相关分子（DAMPs/MAMPs）的过程中至关重要，这些分子会引发真菌的防御反应。平菇是一种广泛种植的食用菌，容易受到食真菌昆虫和螨虫的攻击。然而，P. ostreatus已经进化出了一套优雅的防御系统来抵御取乐者的攻击。在这项研究中，我们通过转录组、蛋白质组和次级代谢分析，研究了平菇对真菌和机械损伤的反应。分析结果显示，在腐酪螨取食和机械伤害反应中，共鉴定出11495个转录本和866个蛋白，4416个差异表达基因（DEGs）和62个差异表达蛋白（DEPs）。在比较机械伤害诱导的反应中，一些基因、蛋白质和代谢物被螨独特地诱导或抑制。在转录水平上，螨虫取食激活了“MAPK信号通路-酵母”、“苯丙氨酸代谢”和“生物素代谢”等9条通路，而“核糖体”的富集、“真核生物核糖体的生物发生”和“酵母中线粒体自噬的调节”都显示出对真菌和机械损伤诱导的真菌分泌蛋白合成和加工的共同影响。真菌也刺激了c8 -芳基化合物和倍半萜类化合物（特别是1-辛烯-3-醇和α -/ β -双abolene）的合成，这些化合物对腐尸t具有驱避作用。茉莉酸（JA）和茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）均受螨取食和机械伤害的特异性调控。外源添加MeJA诱导萜烯合成酶基因转录显著增加，对螨产生防御性倍半萜。这些发现首次证明了活性氧(ROS)/MAPK信号通路、JA调控、特异性基因表达、蛋白质合成和抗螨物质代谢都参与了协调的诱导化学防御反应，其中对腐螨尤其有效。
Fungal chemicals are vital in processes recognizing damage-and microbe-associated molecules (DAMPs/MAMPs) that trigger defense responses in fungi. Pleurotus ostreatus is a widely cultivated edible fungus that is prone to attack from fungivorous insects and mites. Yet P. ostreatus has evolved an elegant defense system against fun-givore attacks. In this study, we investigated how the oyster mushroom responds to the fungivory and me-chanical wounding by conducting transcriptome, proteome, and secondary metabolic analyses. The profiling analysis revealed a total of 11,495 transcripts and 866 proteins, 4416 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 62 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in response to the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae feeding and mechanical wounding. In comparing the responses induced by mechanical wounding, some genes, proteins, and metabolites were uniquely induced or repressed by the mite. At the transcript level, nine pathways were activated by the mite feeding, including those of "MAPK signaling pathway-yeast", "Phenylalanine metabolism", and "Biotin metabolism", among others, while both enrichment of "Ribosome", "Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes", and "Regulation of Mitophagy in Yeast" demonstrated the common effects upon fungal secretory protein synthesis and processing induced by fungivory and mechanical wounding. Fungivory also stimulated the synthesis of C8-aryl compounds and sesquiterpenes (especially1-octen-3-ol and alpha-/beta-bisabolene), and these compounds repellent to T. putrescentiae. Both jasmonic acid (JA) and jasmonic acid methyl ester (MeJA) were specifically regulated by mite feeding and mechanical wounding. The terpene synthase gene transcription was significantly increased induced by the exogenous addition of MeJA, resulting in defensive sesquiterpene production against the mite. These findings are the first to demonstrate that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/MAPK signaling pathway, JA regulation, specific gene expression, and protein synthesis, and anti -mite substance metabolism are all involved in coordinated inducible chemical-based defense responses in P. ostreatus, which could be especially effective the mite T. putrescentiae.