Communicating science in politicized environments
Communicating science in politicized environments
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1212726110
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发表时间：
2013-08-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lupia, Arthur
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lupia, Arthur
科学界的许多成员试图向决策者和公众传达信息。这些信息大多被忽视或误解了。本文描述了为什么会出现这些结果，以及科学传播者如何能够取得更好的结果。这篇文章关注了与向这些受众传播科学信息相关的两个挑战。一个挑战是，人们对科学演讲的关注能力比许多沟通者预期的要低。第二个挑战是，在政治化环境中，人们对相信谁的选择往往与其他环境中的人不同。这些挑战加在一起，导致决策者和公众对科学信息的反应不如许多传播者所希望的那样快。对注意力和信息源可信度的研究可以帮助科学传播者更好地适应这些挑战。注意力研究阐明了人们在什么时候、对什么类型的刺激会注意（或不注意）。来源可信度研究澄清了在何种条件下受众会相信科学家对现象的描述，而不是不太有效的来源的描述。这样的研究可以帮助传播者忠于他们的科学，同时使他们的发现更令人难忘，对更多的受众更可信。
Many members of the scientific community attempt to convey information to policymakers and the public. Much of this information is ignored or misinterpreted. This article describes why these outcomes occur and how science communicators can achieve better outcomes. The article focuses on two challenges associated with communicating scientific information to such audiences. One challenge is that people have less capacity to pay attention to scientific presentations than many communicators anticipate. A second challenge is that people in politicized environments often make different choices about whom to believe than do people in other settings. Together, these challenges cause policymakers and the public to be less responsive to scientific information than many communicators desire. Research on attention and source credibility can help science communicators better adapt to these challenges. Attention research clarifies when, and to what type of stimuli, people do (and do not) pay attention. Source credibility research clarifies the conditions under which an audience will believe scientists' descriptions of phenomena rather than the descriptions of less-valid sources. Such research can help communicators stay true to their science while making their findings more memorable and more believable to more audiences.