The Last Survivors: current status and conservation of the non-volant land mammals of the insular Caribbean
The Last Survivors: current status and conservation of the non-volant land mammals of the insular Caribbean
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最后的幸存者：加勒比海岛屿非飞行陆地哺乳动物的现状和保护
DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyw154
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
R. Young
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Turvey;R. Kennerley;J. M. Nuñez;R. Young
加勒比海岛国是为数不多的被非迁徙的陆地哺乳动物殖民的海洋型岛屿之一。该地区还经历了世界上历史上哺乳动物灭绝程度最高的一次，自公元1500年以来，至少有29个物种灭绝。在古巴、伊斯帕尼奥拉、牙买加和巴哈马群岛，现在只有两个陆地哺乳动物家族(Capromyidae和Solenodontidae)的代表存活下来。令人惊讶的是，人们对加勒比海陆地哺乳动物的保护状况知之甚少。2008年国际自然保护联盟红色名录的最新评估确认了15种特有物种，其中13种被评估为受威胁物种。我们在国际自然保护联盟红色名录的框架内重新评估了关于加勒比陆地哺乳动物动物群现状的所有现有基线数据，以使用循证办法确定加勒比陆地哺乳动物物种的具体养护要求。我们只承认了13个幸存物种，其中一个没有正式描述，不能使用IUCN标准进行评估；另外3个以前被认为有效的物种被解释为初级同名或亚种。在重新评估的12个物种中，5个物种的威胁状况自2008年以来发生了变化，其中3个物种(Caproys Pilorides、Geocaproys Brownii、Mesocaproys angelCabrerai)的灭绝风险增加了1个IUCN类别，2个物种(斜纹石首鱼、Solenodon paroxus)的灭绝风险减少了2个类别。威胁状态只有1个变化代表真正的变化；所有其他变化主要与新信息的获得有关。狩猎、栖息地丧失和入侵物种是对幸存物种的主要威胁，保护高度受威胁的加勒比海陆地哺乳动物动物群将需要一系列有针对性的管理战略。
The insular Caribbean is among the few oceanic-type island systems colonized by non-volant land mammals. This region also has experienced the world's highest level of historical mammal extinctions, with at least 29 species lost since AD 1500. Representatives of only 2 land-mammal families (Capromyidae and Solenodontidae) now survive, in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and the Bahama Archipelago. The conservation status of Caribbean land mammals is surprisingly poorly understood. The most recent IUCN Red List assessment, from 2008, recognized 15 endemic species, of which 13 were assessed as threatened. We reassessed all available baseline data on the current status of the Caribbean land-mammal fauna within the framework of the IUCN Red List, to determine specific conservation requirements for Caribbean land-mammal species using an evidence-based approach. We recognize only 13 surviving species, one of which is not formally described and cannot be assessed using IUCN criteria; 3 further species previously considered valid are interpreted as junior synonyms or subspecies. Of the 12 reassessed species, 5 have undergone a change in threat status since 2008, with 3 species (Capromys pilorides, Geocapromys brownii, Mesocapromys angelcabrerai) increasing in extinction risk by 1 IUCN category, and 2 species (Plagiodontia aedium, Solenodon paradoxus) decreasing in extinction risk by 2 categories. Only 1 change in threat status represents a genuine change; all other changes are mainly associated with new information becoming available. Hunting, habitat loss, and invasive species represent major threats to surviving species, and conservation of the highly threatened Caribbean land-mammal fauna will require a range of targeted management strategies.