The 87%.
The 87%.
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%2087%。
DOI：
10.1093/gerona/gls140
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rapp,PeterR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wagster,MollyV;King,JonathanW;Resnick,SusanM;Rapp,PeterR
在消化了这个发人深省的事实之后，人们可能会想知道 65 岁以上年龄组中的其他 87% 又如何呢？尽管大多数美国老年人都没有认知障碍，但他们在晚年仍然面临着痴呆症的阴影，并且很可能经历了认知功能的微妙下降。由于这些原因，与年龄相关的认知能力下降需要我们的关注和持续、一致的研究努力。如果痴呆症可以预防，那就需要更好地了解衰老的大脑及其面对功能改变或减弱的适应能力。这种理解将有助于制定适当的治疗和补救措施目标，以维持健康的认知功能。与年龄相关的认知功能下降（包括注意力、记忆力、学习能力、执行功能和语言的变化）是真实存在的，并且每个人的差异很大，极大地影响着数百万老年人的生活质量、人际关系的特征以及就医疗保健、退休和其他日常问题做出明智决策的能力。美国国家老龄化研究所（NIA；参见 www.nia.nih.gov）长期致力于通过其校内和校外项目支持研究，旨在了解衰老的大脑、认知结果及其对生活质量的影响。 2006 年，麦克奈特脑研究基金会（MBRF；参见 www.tmbrf.org）与 NIA 领导层接洽，探讨创造性推进认知衰老研究领域并加速发现预防损伤的治疗方法和策略的途径。通过 NIH 基金会（参见 www.fnih.org）建立的这种公私合作伙伴关系，NIA 和 MBRF 已经能够在这一研究领域创造新的活力和协同作用。 MBRF 成立于 1999 年，与许多其他以疾病为使命的基金会不同，其目标是“通过了解和减轻与年龄相关的记忆丧失来提高生活质量”。认知健康和老龄化研究合作伙伴关系继续为认知老龄化研究方面共同感兴趣的活动提供平台。NIA 和 MBRF 之间的首次联合活动是 2007 年举行的认知老龄化峰会。那次首次会议刺激了新兴的认知老龄化研究领域，引起了全国对研究进展和需求的关注。 2007 年峰会的建议刺激了联邦研究征集，并于 2009 年在 5 年内拨款约 2800 万美元的研究基金，用于建立认知衰老的神经和行为概况，并通过支持补救与年龄相关的认知衰退的试点干预试验来推动转化研究。三年后的 2010 年，第二届认知老龄化峰会召开，以标志着进展，突出有针对性的研究举措，并保持第一届峰会启动的势头。 2010 年峰会汇聚了约 350 名来自各个研究领域的专业人士，进行了为期 2 天的讨论，讨论了我们对与年龄相关的大脑和行为变化的理解方面的前沿进展，特别关注临床治疗事业。一个
AFTER digesting this sobering fact, one might reasonably wonder—what about the other 87% of the 65+ age group? Although most older Americans are living without cognitive impairment, they still face the looming specter of dementia in much later life and very likely have experienced subtle declines in cognitive function. For these reasons, age-related cognitive decline demands our attention and a continued, concerted research effort. If dementia can be prevented, it will come from a better understanding of the aging brain and its capacity to adapt in the face of altered or diminished function. This understanding will aid in the development of appropriate targets for therapeutics and remedial actions that maintain healthy cognitive function. Age-related decline in cognitive function—including changes in attention, memory, learning, executive function, and language—is real and varies widely from one individual to the next, substantially influencing the quality of life, the character of personal relationships, and the capacity for making informed decisions about health care, retirement, and other issues faced daily by millions of older adults. The National Institute on Aging (NIA; see www. nia. nih. gov) maintains a longstanding commitment to supporting research through its intra-and extramural programs aimed at the understanding the aging brain, cognitive outcomes, and their impact on quality of life. In 2006, the leadership of the NIA was approached by the McKnight Brain Research Foundation (MBRF; see www. tmbrf. org) to explore avenues for creatively advancing the field of cognitive aging research and accelerating the discovery of therapeutics and strategies for the prevention of impairment. Through this public/private partnership, established by the Foundation for NIH (see www. fnih. org), the NIA and the MBRF have been able to create new energy and synergy in this research arena. Established in 1999, the MBRF has set itself apart from many other foundations with disease-based missions by having as its goal “to improve quality of life through the understanding and alleviation of age-related memory loss.” The Cognitive Health and Aging Research Partnership continues to provide a platform for activities of mutual interest in cognitive aging research.The first joint activity between the NIA and the MBRF was the Cognitive Aging Summit, held in 2007. That initial conference served to galvanize the burgeoning cognitive aging research field, bringing national attention to both research advances and needs. Recommendations from the 2007 Summit stimulated federal research solicitations that in 2009 resulted in the award of approximately $28 million in research funds over 5 years to establish neural and behavioral profiles of cognitive aging and to push translational research forward through support of pilot intervention trials for remediation of age-related cognitive decline. Three years later in 2010, a second Cognitive Aging Summit was held to mark progress, highlight the targeted research initiatives, and maintain the momentum started by the first Summit. The 2010 Summit brought together approximately 350 participants with expertise in a variety of research fields for a 2-day discussion of cutting edge advances in our understanding of age-related brain and behavioral changes, with a particular focus on the clinical therapeutic enterprise. An