Microvascular pathology and vascular basement membrane components in Alzheimer's disease.
Microvascular pathology and vascular basement membrane components in Alzheimer's disease.
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阿尔茨海默病的微血管病理学和血管基底膜成分。
DOI：
10.1007/bf02816103
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Perlmutter,LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perlmutter,LS
有几个因素突出了阿尔茨海默病(AD)的血管系统：脑淀粉样血管病很常见，淀粉样纤维起源于血管基底膜，在血管和实质淀粉样蛋白堆积中发现了类似形式的β-淀粉样蛋白。本文讨论了阿尔茨海默病微血管病变的存在。微血管病变，除了神经原纤维缠结、老年斑和CAA外，也是AD的常见病理特征。VBM成分与淀粉样斑块相关，VBM的非淀粉样变性改变发生在易受AD损害的大脑区域。此外，VBM内血管周围细胞(传统上称为周细胞)，其亚群与小胶质细胞和其他单核吞噬系统(MPS)细胞的免疫表型相同，与血管改变和脑血管淀粉样蛋白沉积有关。血管周围和实质MPS细胞可以获得β-淀粉样蛋白前体的几个来源，包括血小板、循环中的白细胞和神经元。因此，MPS细胞将处于摄取和处理前体的理想位置，并以类似于其他形式的全身和大脑淀粉样变性的方式沉积β-淀粉样蛋白。
Several factors have highlighted the vasculature in Alzheimer's disease (AD): Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is common, amyloid fibrils emanate from the vascular basement membrane (VBM), and similar forms of β-amyloid are found in vascular and parenchymal amyloid accumulations. The present article discusses the presence of microvascular pathology in AD. Microangiopathy, in addition to neurofibrillary tangles, senile plaques, and CAA, is a common pathologic hallmark of AD. VBM components are associated with amyloid plaques, and nonamyloidotic alterations of the VBM occur in brain regions susceptible to AD lesions. Also, intra-VBM perivascular cells (traditionally called pericytes), a subset of which share the immunophenotype of microglia and other mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) cells, have been implicated in vascular alterations and cerebrovascular amyloid deposition. Perivascular and parenchymal MPS cells have access to several sources of the β-amyloid protein precursor, including platelets, circulating white cells, and neurons. MPS cells would thus be ideally situated to uptake and process the precursor, and deposit β-amyloid in a fashion analogous to that seen in other forms of systemic and cerebral amyloidoses.