Sea ice microorganisms: environmental constraints and extracellular responses.
Sea ice microorganisms: environmental constraints and extracellular responses.
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DOI：
10.3390/biology2020603
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发表时间：
2013-03-28
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Deming JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ewert M;Deming JW
与其他高纬度环境一样，海冰的固有特征是由全年日照变化驱动的强烈季节性。海冰生物暴露在不断变化的，有时是有限的温度和盐度条件下。那些生活在冰面上的生物已经获得了一系列适应能力，以应对这些挑战和其他挑战。一个关键的适应性反应是细胞外聚合物质（EPS）的产生，它在海冰中微生物的捕获、保留和生存中起着多种作用。在这篇概念论文中，我们考虑了海冰微生物学的两个主要领域：将海冰定义为微生物栖息地的物理化学性质，赋予其特定的优势和限制；当微生物利用或在这些条件下生存时，会引起细胞外反应。重点放在面对海冰波动和极端环境条件时使用的保护策略上。为未来的研究确定了知识和可测试假设方面的差距。
Inherent to sea ice, like other high latitude environments, is the strong seasonality driven by changes in insolation throughout the year. Sea-ice organisms are exposed to shifting, sometimes limiting, conditions of temperature and salinity. An array of adaptations to survive these and other challenges has been acquired by those organisms that inhabit the ice. One key adaptive response is the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which play multiple roles in the entrapment, retention and survival of microorganisms in sea ice. In this concept paper we consider two main areas of sea-ice microbiology: the physico-chemical properties that define sea ice as a microbial habitat, imparting particular advantages and limits; and extracellular responses elicited in microbial inhabitants as they exploit or survive these conditions. Emphasis is placed on protective strategies used in the face of fluctuating and extreme environmental conditions in sea ice. Gaps in knowledge and testable hypotheses are identified for future research.