Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, and Transport Costs
Infrastructure, Geographical Disadvantage, and Transport Costs
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基础设施、地理劣势和运输成本
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Venables
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Limão;A. Venables
作者使用三个不同的数据集来研究交通如何取决于地理和基础设施。内陆国家的运输成本很高，可通过提高其基础设施和过境国基础设施的质量来大幅降低成本。对双边贸易数据的分析证实了基础设施的重要性。作者估计，贸易流量对运输成本的弹性很高，约为-2.5。这意味着：1）中等内陆国家的贸易额仅为中等沿海经济体的30%。2)运输成本减半使贸易量增加五倍。3)将基础设施从第75百分位改善到第50百分位，贸易将增加50%。利用他们的研究结果和一个基本的重力模型来研究撒哈拉以南非洲的贸易，包括内部贸易和与世界其他地区的贸易，作者发现基础设施问题在很大程度上解释了非洲贸易水平相对较低的原因。
The authors use three different data sets to investigate how transport depends on geography and infrastructure. Landlocked countries have high transport costs, which can be substantially reduced by improving the quality of their infrastructure and that of transit countries. Analysis of bilateral trade data confirms the importance of infrastructure. The authors estimate the elasticity of trade flows with regard to transport costs to be high, at about -2.5. This means that: 1) The median landlocked country has only 30 percent of the trade volume of the median coastal economy. 2) Halving transport costs increases the volume of trade by a factor of five. 3) Improving infrastructure from the 75th to the 50th percentile increases trade by 50 percent. Using their results and a basic gravity model to study Sub-Saharan African trade, both internally and with the rest of the world, the authors find that infrastructure problems largely explain the relatively low levels of African trade.