INTACT VERBAL AND NONVERBAL SHORT-TERM-MEMORY FOLLOWING DAMAGE TO THE HUMAN HIPPOCAMPUS
INTACT VERBAL AND NONVERBAL SHORT-TERM-MEMORY FOLLOWING DAMAGE TO THE HUMAN HIPPOCAMPUS
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DOI：
10.1002/hipo.450020207
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发表时间：
1992-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
SQUIRE, LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CAVE, CB;SQUIRE, LR
在两组健忘症患者中评估短期记忆。6例患者证实或怀疑海马结构受损，6例患者因酒精性科尔萨科夫综合征而导致间脑损伤。言语短期记忆进行了评估，七个独立的管理标准数字广度测试，以获得一个精确的措施，短期记忆。非语言的短期记忆是通过四个测试来评估的，这些测试评估了理解力、记忆力和处理非语言材料的能力，所有这些都在即时记忆的范围内。这四项测试之一评估了空间位置的短期记忆。海马结构受损的患者的数字跨度与对照组相当，并且在非语言短期记忆的四项测试中表现正常。Korsakoff综合征患者的数字跨度略低，在四项非语言任务中的三项上表现不佳，这一发现与先前描述的该患者组的注意力和视觉空间处理缺陷一致。这些缺陷可能是由于额叶萎缩，通常与科萨科夫综合征，而不是间脑损伤。这些结果支持了短期（即时）记忆，包括短期空间记忆，独立于海马体的观点。
Short-term memory was assessed in two groups of amnesic patients. Six patients had confirmed or suspected damage to the hippocampal formation, and six patients had diencephalic damage as a result of alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome. Verbal short-term memory was evaluated with seven separate administrations of the standard digit span test in order to obtain a precise measure of short-term memory. Nonverbal short-term memory was evaluated with four tests that assessed apprehension, retention, and the ability to manipulate nonverbal material-all within the span of immediate memory. One of these four tests assessed short-term memory for spatial location. Patients with damage to the hippocampal formation had a digit span equivalent to that of control subjects and also performed normally on the four tests of nonverbal short-term memory. The patients with Korsakoff's syndrome had a marginally low digit span and performed poorly on three of the four nonverbal tasks, a finding consistent with the deficits in attention and visuospatial processing previously described for this patient group. These deficits are likely due to the frontal lobe atrophy typically associated with Korsakoff's syndrome, rather than to diencephalic damage. The results support the view that short-term (immediate) memory, including short-term spatial memory, is independent of the hippocampus.