Long-Term Ambient Multipollutant Exposures and Mortality
Long-Term Ambient Multipollutant Exposures and Mortality
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DOI：
10.1164/rccm.200912-1903oc
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
24.7
通讯作者：
Laden, Francine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hart, Jaime E.;Garshick, Eric;Laden, Francine
理由。以人口为基础的研究已经证明了环境空气污染暴露与死亡率之间的关联，但很少有人能够调整职业暴露。此外，两项研究观察到职业性粉尘、气体或烟雾暴露的个体风险更高。目的：我们研究了环境住宅暴露于直径小于10 μ m的颗粒物（PM10）、直径小于2.5 μ m的颗粒物方法：使用空间平滑和地理协变量相结合的模型，在每个居住地址分配PM10，NO2和SO2暴露。2000年的PM2.5暴露是从最近的可用监测器分配的。单污染物和多污染物考克斯比例风险模型被用来检查四分位距（IQR）变化的关联（PM10为6 μ g/m3，PM2.5为4 μ g/m3，SO2为4ppb，NO2为8 ppb），以及全因死亡率和特定原因死亡率的风险。居住环境暴露于PM10的IQR变化与全因死亡风险增加4.3%（95%置信区间[CI]，1.1-7.7%）相关。SO2的IQR变化增加6.9%（95% CI，2.3-11.6%），NO2增加8.2%（95% CI，4.5-12.1%），PM2.5增加3.9%（95% CI，1.0-6.9%）。PM2.5、SO2和NO2与病因特异性死亡率（肺癌、心血管和呼吸系统疾病）的相关性升高，但PM10没有。没有污染物被混淆的职业暴露。在多污染物模型中，总体而言，相关性减弱，最强烈的PM10。在排除长途司机（离家数天）的敏感性分析中，观察到更大的风险比。结论：在该男性人群中，住宅环境空气污染暴露与死亡率相关。
Rationale. Population-based studies have demonstrated associations between ambient air pollution exposures and mortality, but few have been able to adjust for occupational exposures. Additionally, two studies have observed higher risks in individuals with occupational dust, gas, or fume exposure.Objectives: We examined the association of ambient residential exposure to particulate matter less than 10 mu m in diameter (PM10), particulate matter less than 2.5 mu m in diameter (PM2.5), NO2, SO2, and mortality in 53,814 men in the U.S. trucking industry.Methods: Exposures for PM10, NO2, and SO2 at each residential address were assigned using models combining spatial smoothing and geographic covariates. PM2.5 exposures in 2000 were assigned from the nearest available monitor. Single and multipollutant Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of an interquartile range (IQR) change (6 mu g/m(3) for PM10, 4 mu g/m(3) for PM2.5, 4ppb for SO2, and 8ppb for NO2) and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality.Measurements and Main Results: An IQR change in ambient residential exposures to PM10 was associated with a 4.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-7.7%) increased risk of all-cause mortality. The increase for an IQR change in SO2 was 6.9% (95% CI, 2.3-11.6%), for NO2 was 8.2% (95% CI, 4.5-12.1%), and for PM2.5 was 3.9% (95% CI, 1.0-6.9%). Elevated associations with cause-specific mortality (lung cancer, cardiovascular and respiratory disease) were observed for PM2.5, SO2, and NO2, but not PM10. None of the pollutants were confounded by occupational exposures. In multipollutant models, overall, the associations were attenuated, most strongly for PM10. In sensitivity analyses excluding long-haul drivers, who spend days away from home, larger hazard ratios were observed.Conclusions: In this population of men, residential ambient air pollution exposures were associated with mortality.