Eight Weeks Later—The Unprecedented Rise of 3D Printing during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Case Study, Lessons Learned, and Implications on the Future of Global Decentralized Manufacturing
Eight Weeks Later—The Unprecedented Rise of 3D Printing during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Case Study, Lessons Learned, and Implications on the Future of Global Decentralized Manufacturing
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八周后 — COVID-19 大流行期间 3D 打印前所未有的崛起 — 案例研究、经验教训以及对全球分散式制造未来的影响
作者：
T. Mueller;A. Elkaseer;Amal Charles;Janin Fauth;Dominik Rabsch;Amon Scholz;C. Marquardt;K. Nau;S. Scholz
中国武汉爆发严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）（冠状病毒病，COVID-19）及其全球传播导致感染患者人数呈指数增长，截至二零二零年六月五日，目前已超过660万人，死亡人数超过39万人。在此疫情下，卫生系统承受压力，对个人防护设备的需求超出了供应商的交付能力。为了解决这个问题，3D打印被认为是快速生产PPE物品的可能解决方案，如面罩，面罩带，面罩，阀门和耳塞。在世界各地，公司、大学、研究机构和个人/业余爱好者都加入了这一行列，使用他们的3D打印机为医院、医生、疗养院甚至难民营提供PPE。在德国，Makervsvirus运动接受了这一挑战，并将数千名最终用户、制造商、公司和物流供应商联系起来，生产和供应面罩、防护口罩和护耳器。卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院（KIT）也加入了Makervsvirus运动，并利用其设施打印用于面罩组件和耳罩的头带。在本文中，从研究实验室到中型批量PPE生产现场的快速爬坡所带来的挑战和经验教训，材料供应的局限性，合适模型的选择标准，质量措施和未来前景的报告和结论。
The eruption of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (corona virus disease, COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, and its global spread has led to an exponentially growing number of infected patients, currently exceeding over 6.6 million and over 390,000 deaths as of the 5th of June 2020. In this pandemic situation, health systems have been put under stress, and the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) exceeded the delivery capabilities of suppliers. To address this issue, 3D printing was identified as a possible solution to quickly produce PPE items such as face shields, mask straps, masks, valves, and ear savers. Around the world, companies, universities, research institutions, and private individuals/hobbyists stepped into the void, using their 3D printers to support hospitals, doctors, nursing homes, and even refugee camps by providing them with PPE. In Germany, the makervsvirus movement took up the challenge and connected thousands of end users, makers, companies, and logistic providers for the production and supply of face shields, protective masks, and ear savers. The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) also joined the makervsvirus movement and used its facilities to print headbands for face shield assemblies and ear savers. Within this paper, the challenges and lessons learned from the quick ramp up of a research laboratory to a production site for medium-sized batches of PPE, the limitations in material supply, selection criteria for suitable models, quality measures, and future prospects are reported and conclusions drawn.