Transcranial Alternating Current and Random Noise Stimulation: Possible Mechanisms.
Transcranial Alternating Current and Random Noise Stimulation: Possible Mechanisms.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1155/2016/3616807
复制
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Herrmann CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antal A;Herrmann CS
背景经颅交流电刺激（tACS）是一种相对较新的方法，适用于非侵入性调制脑振荡。从技术上讲，该方法与经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）相似但不完全相同。虽然数十年的动物和人类研究已经揭示了tDCS的主要生理机制，但对tACS的生理机制知之甚少。法在这里，我们回顾了最近的跨学科研究，进一步加深了我们对tACS如何影响脑振荡的理解，以及通过什么方式经颅随机噪声刺激（tRNS），这是一种特殊形式的tACS可以调节皮层功能。结果动物实验已经证明了神经元对侵入性和经颅施加的交流电的反应。这些发现得到了神经网络模拟和物理学知识的进一步支持，这些知识涉及人类大脑中的物理振荡器。因此，人类颅骨和大脑的细粒度模型允许预测tDCS和tACS期间电流的确切模式。最后，最近对人类生理和行为的研究完成了对脑振荡的非侵入性调制。结论在未来，这些方法可能适用于治疗由于脑振荡功能障碍引起的神经和精神疾病。
Background. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a relatively recent method suited to noninvasively modulate brain oscillations. Technically the method is similar but not identical to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). While decades of research in animals and humans has revealed the main physiological mechanisms of tDCS, less is known about the physiological mechanisms of tACS. Method. Here, we review recent interdisciplinary research that has furthered our understanding of how tACS affects brain oscillations and by what means transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) that is a special form of tACS can modulate cortical functions. Results. Animal experiments have demonstrated in what way neurons react to invasively and transcranially applied alternating currents. Such findings are further supported by neural network simulations and knowledge from physics on entraining physical oscillators in the human brain. As a result, fine-grained models of the human skull and brain allow the prediction of the exact pattern of current flow during tDCS and tACS. Finally, recent studies on human physiology and behavior complete the picture of noninvasive modulation of brain oscillations. Conclusion. In future, the methods may be applicable in therapy of neurological and psychiatric disorders that are due to malfunctioning brain oscillations.