"Impulsivity": Relations Between Self-Report and Behavior
"Impulsivity": Relations Between Self-Report and Behavior
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DOI：
10.1037/a0031181
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Clark, Lee Anna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharma, Leigh;Kohl, Krista;Clark, Lee Anna
由于冲动行为的潜在途径有很多，并且对于该特征的结构缺乏共识，因此很难将“冲动”特征置于人格框架内。这种缺乏共识也阻碍了对“冲动”与其行为表现之间关系的系统研究。本科生（样本 1 N = 507）完成了一系列自我报告测量，所有这些测量都旨在评估“冲动”特质；一个子集 (n = 408) 和样本 2 (N = 388) 还完成了一份关于他们在过去一年中可能从事的具体行为的回顾性调查问卷，样本 1 的另一个子集同意完成 (n = 208) 并实际完成 (n = 152) 为期 2 周的冲动行为前瞻性测量。最后，样本 1 的子集 (n = 321) 和样本 2 在后续研究中完成了综合自我报告清单。结构方程模型证实了我们所说的冲动性特征（在冲动行为中表现出来的特征）的三因素结构。这一发现与之前的研究一致，并支持了越来越多的共识，即“冲动”是一个通俗标签，附加在一组具有表型相似行为表现的不同特征上。这些冲动特征中的每一个都与冲动行为和广泛的气质维度有不同的关系。结果还显示了日常和不太频繁（每年/半年）冲动行为的清晰双因素结构。最后，一种独特的数据收集方法可以研究冲动性和其他人格特征与观察到的行为之间的关系，证明人格特征对离散的现场行为的预测效用。
The trait of "impulsivity" is difficult to place within a personality framework due to the many potential pathways to impulsive behavior and the lack of consensus regarding the structure of the trait(s). This lack of consensus also hinders systematic investigation into relations between "impulsivity" and its behavioral manifestations. Undergraduates (Sample 1 N = 507) completed a battery of self-report measures, all purporting to assess trait "impulsivity"; a subset (n = 408) and Sample 2 (N = 388) also completed a retrospective questionnaire about specific behaviors they may have engaged in over the past year, and another subset of Sample 1 agreed to complete (n = 208) and actually completed (n = 152) a 2-week prospective measure of impulsive behaviors. Finally, a subset of Sample 1 (n = 321) and Sample 2 completed an omnibus self-report inventory in a follow-up study. Structural equation modeling confirmed a 3-factor structure of what we call impulsigenic traits-traits that are manifested in impulsive behavior. This finding is consistent with previous research and supports the growing consensus that "impulsivity" is a colloquial label attached to a group of distinct traits that have phenotypically similar behavioral manifestations. Each of these impulsigenic traits relates differentially to impulsive behavior and to broad temperamental dimensions. The results also show clear 2-factor structures of both daily and less frequent (yearly/semiyearly) impulsive behaviors. Finally, a unique method of data collection permitted an investigation of relations between the impulsigenic and other personality traits and observed behaviors, demonstrating the predictive utility of personality traits to discrete, in situ behaviors.