A twin study of psychomotor and physiological responses to an acute dose of alcohol
A twin study of psychomotor and physiological responses to an acute dose of alcohol
复制标题
对急性剂量酒精的精神运动和生理反应的双胞胎研究
DOI：
10.1007/bf01070893
复制
发表时间：
1985
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
A. Wilks
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nicholas G. Martin;J. Oakeshott;John B. Gibson;G. Starmer;J. Perl;A. Wilks
研究人员对206对双胞胎进行了一系列精神运动任务和生理测量，在他们摄入标准剂量的乙醇（0.75 g/kg体重）后，每隔一小时进行三次。对其中41对进行了第二次重复测量。运动协调、站立稳定性、追踪旋翼、算术计算和反应时间任务的表现在酒精后下降，但这五项任务的下降通常是相互独立的。摄入酒精后，血压、脉搏率和皮肤温度的测量值都升高了，但这些反应也不相关。在饮酒后，这些指标的差异增加了。协方差结构分析表明，酒精暴露的这些额外方差大部分是遗传的，特别是在站立稳定性、追求转子、算术计算和脉搏率方面。据估计，高达50%的酒精后身体摇摆的差异是由于仅在酒精影响下表达的遗传因素。尽管血液酒精浓度、以前的饮酒经历和性格外向性之间存在显著的相关性，但酒精暴露的遗传变异很少可以用这些预测因子来解释。结论是，在酒精作用下影响表现的相当大的遗传变异的来源必须在其他地方寻找。
A battery of psychomotor tasks and physiological measures was administered to 206 pairs of twins before alcohol and then three times at hourly intervals after they ingested a standard dose of ethanol (0.75 g/kg body weight). Repeat measurements were obtained for 41 of these pairs on a second occasion. Performance on motor coordination, standing steadiness, pursuit rotor, arithmetic computation, and reaction-time tasks deteriorated after alcohol, but decrements on the five tasks were generally independent of each other. Measurements of blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin temperature were all elevated following alcohol intake, but these responses were also uncorrelated. The variance in many of these measures increased after alcohol. An analysis of covariance structure revealed that most of this additional variance exposed by alcohol was genetic in origin, particularly for standing steadiness, pursuit rotor, arithmetic computation, and pulse rate. Up to 50% of the variance in body sway after alcohol was estimated to be due to genetic factors expressed only under the influence of alcohol. Although significant correlations were found with blood alcohol concentration, previous drinking experience, and the personality trait Extraversion, little of the genetic variance exposed by alcohol could be explained by these predictors. It is concluded that the sources of the considerable genetic variation affecting performance under alcohol must be sought elsewhere.