SYNONYMOUS CODON USAGE IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE
SYNONYMOUS CODON USAGE IN SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE
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DOI：
10.1002/yea.320070702
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发表时间：
1991-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
COWE, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
SHARP, PM;COWE, E
简介遗传密码是退化的，但同义密码子很少以相同的频率使用。任何基因中密码子的使用模式都必须反映出突变偏向、自然选择的共同作用。而决定密码子频率的选择因素在Escherichiu cofi，2.O*26中已被最清楚地阐明，但在真核生物中。Succharomjces cerrvisiue是最了解密码子使用的生物体。Holland和Holland首次注意到编码甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶的酿酒酵母基因具有极高的密码子偏好性。Bennetzen和Hall3将这一观察扩展到了编码酒精脱氢酶I和烯醇化酶的基因。它们也是糖酵解酶。这些高度表达的基因几乎排他性地使用了61个正义密码子中的25个。有人认为，这25个密码子是主要t RNA物种翻译得最好的密码子，这一点得到了Ikemura的证据的证实。
INTRODUCTION The genetic code is degenerate, but synonymous codons are rarely used in equal frequencies. The pattern of codon usage in any gene must reflect the joint actions of mutation biases, natural selection. and genetic drif~~.'~.'~ The selective factors determining codon frequencies have been most clearly elucidated in Escherichiu cofi, 2.'o* 26 but among eukaryotes. Succharomjces cerrvisiue is the organism in which codon usage is best understood. Holland and Holland''first noted the extremely high codon bias in a S. cerevisiue gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Bennetzen and Hall3 extended this observation to the genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase I and enolase. which are also glycolytic enzymes. These very highly expressed genes use, almost exclusively, just 25 of the 61 sense codons. It was suggested that these 25 codons are those best translated by the major t RNA species, and this was substantiated by the evidence of Ikemura."'In contrast, in genes expressed at lower levels all 61 sense codons are utilired, and codon usage is generally less biased.