Patterns in the data: Towards a semantic typology of spatial description
Patterns in the data: Towards a semantic typology of spatial description
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数据中的模式：迈向空间描述的语义类型学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
David P. Wilkins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Levinson;David P. Wilkins
这本书中的章节呈现了一个千变万化的印象，在空间域的语言处理的变化范围。每一章都呈现了丰富的语言细节--整个练习的特别之处在于，因为每一个描述都使用了相同的启发手段，我们可以相对容易地以一种不同寻常的方式建立起相当精确的语义比较。当然，读者可能无法立即看到树木的木材，许多详细的问题自然会出现。例如，一种语言，如Tiriyo，有大量的空间副词，而另一种语言，如Tzeltal，只有一个（并且不限于空间）。相比之下，Tiriyo的基本方位构式只有一个方位动词，而Tzeltal的基本方位构式有非常丰富的空间谓词。这里有系统的回报吗？此外，一般性问题也浮出水面：在这种可变的表达背后，我们能否辨别出可能归因于人类认知的一般属性的普遍语义参数？在这最后一章，我们有两个目标。首先，也是最重要的，我们将尝试从这些章节所反映的仔细的比较研究中吸取教训--归纳出来的主要模式是什么？其次，我们将试图引出这种新兴的变异类型学对与人类空间认知性质有重要关系的学科的影响。
The chapters in this book present a kaleidoscopic impression of the range of variation in the linguistic treatment of the spatial domain. Each chapter presents a wealth of linguistic detail – what makes the overall exercise special is that, because each description uses the same elicitation devices, we can relatively easily set up fairly precise semantic comparisons in an unusual way. Naturally, the reader may not immediately be able to see the wood for the trees, and many detailed questions naturally arise. For example, one language, like Tiriyo, has a wealth of spatial adpositions, another, like Tzeltal has only one (and that not restricted to space). In contrast, Tiriyo has only one locative verb available for its basic locative construction, while Tzeltal has an extraordinary richness in spatial predicates available for its basic locative construction. Is there a systematic pay-off here? In addition, general questions also come to the fore: behind this variable expression, can we discern universal semantic parameters that might be attributed to general properties of human cognition? In this final chapter, we have two goals. First, and foremost, we will try to draw the lessons learned from the careful comparative study reflected in these chapters – what are the main patterns that inductively emerge? Second, we will attempt to draw out the implications of this emerging typology of variation for the disciplines that have an important stake in the nature of human spatial cognition.