Trends in the demand for family limitation in developing countries.
Trends in the demand for family limitation in developing countries.
复制标题
发展中国家家庭限制需求的趋势。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Bankole
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Westoff;A. Bankole
收集了41个发展中国家从1970年代中期到1990年代末的108次人口与健康调查、世界生育率调查和避孕普及率调查的数据。自20世纪70年代以来，撒哈拉以南非洲地区不想要更多孩子的妇女比例缓慢但稳定地上升，到20世纪90年代末，许多国家的这一比例达到了20-40%。然而，总体水平仍远低于亚洲和北非的水平，在这些地区，限制生育的需求水平集中在40-60%之间。拉丁美洲想要停止生育的妇女比例也很高，而且与亚洲相比，有更多的证据表明这一比例趋于平稳。对大多数撒哈拉以南非洲国家来说，限制生育手段的未满足需求正在相当一致地增加；相反，在亚洲和北非以及拉丁美洲和加勒比，随着采用避孕药具，死亡率普遍下降。虽然有证据表明，撒哈拉以南非洲的大多数妇女采取避孕措施是为了间隔而不是限制生育，但趋势数据表明，近年来采取避孕措施以限制生育的使用者比例一直在增加；在一些国家，这一比例接近所有方法使用的一半，高于其他地方的预期。相比之下，亚洲和北非以及拉丁美洲和加勒比的这种平衡几乎没有变化，这两个区域的绝大多数用户都在寻求限制生育，而不是限制生育。虽然整个发展中世界对避孕的需求都在增加，但亚洲、北非和拉丁美洲的大部分需求已经得到满足，而撒哈拉以南非洲的大部分需求还没有得到满足。在避孕药具使用率已经很高的亚洲和拉丁美洲，提供者需要将其服务转向帮助客户继续使用和提高其避孕措施的有效性。在使用率低的撒哈拉以南非洲，项目必须旨在鼓励采用现代方法。(作者)
Data from 108 Demographic and Health Surveys World Fertility Surveys and Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys were assembled for 41 developing countries covering the period extending from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s. The percentage of women who want no more children has risen slowly but steadily in sub-Saharan Africa since the 1970s having reached a level of 20-40% in many countries by the late 1990s. Yet overall levels remain far below those seen in Asia and in North Africa where the level of demand for limiting births clusters in the 40-60% range. The proportion of women wanting to stop childbearing is also high in Latin America and shows more evidence of leveling off than in Asia. Unmet need for the means to limit births is increasing fairly uniformly for most sub-Saharan African countries; in contrast in Asia and North Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean it is generally declining with the adoption of contraceptive use. While the evidence indicates that most women in sub-Saharan Africa who practice contraception do so to space rather than to limit births trend data suggest that the proportion of users practicing contraception to limit births has been increasing in recent years; in some countries this proportion approaches half of all method use and is higher than expected elsewhere. In contrast there has been little change in this balance in Asia and North Africa and in Latin America and the Caribbean with the great majority of users in both regions seeking to limit rather than space births. While demand for contraception is increasing throughout the developing world most of the demand in Asia and North Africa and in Latin America is already being met while much of the demand in sub-Saharan Africa is not. In both Asia and Latin America where contraceptive use is already high providers need to gear their services toward helping clients to continue use and to improve the effectiveness of their contraceptive practice. In sub-Saharan Africa where use is low programs must aim to encourage adoption of modern methods. (authors)