Dissipation Characteristics of Tornadic Vortex Signatures Associated with Long-Duration Tornadoes

Dissipation Characteristics of Tornadic Vortex Signatures Associated with Long-Duration Tornadoes
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与长持续时间龙卷风相关的龙卷风涡特征的耗散特征

DOI:
10.1175/jamc-d-18-0187.1
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Kingfield, Darrel M.
Kingfield, Darrel M.
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
French, Michael M.;Kingfield, Darrel M.

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研究了2012年至2016年36个龙卷风超级单体案例的天气监视雷达-1988多普勒(WSR-88 D)数据,以识别龙卷风消散前的常见龙卷风涡旋特征(TVS)行为。根据过去的案例研究的结果,与龙卷风消散的TVS的四个特征被确定为:弱或减少TVS强度,向后风暴相对运动的TVS,大或增加TVS垂直倾斜,和大或增加TVS水平位移从主风暴上升气流。只有在龙卷风生命周期结束时,TVS在WSR-88 D站点60公里范围内至少连续四卷的情况下进行了检查。尽管WSR-88 D系统的时空分辨率相对较粗,但对案例选择的空间和时间限制确保了在几个时间段内可以在地表~500 m范围内确定上述量。据发现,在消散之前,TVSs变得越来越不那么强烈,倾向于在风暴相对框架中向后移动,并且越来越远离主风暴上升气流的大致位置。在龙卷风倾斜(以倾斜角度测量)和TVS耗散之间的关系中没有明确的信号。TVS耗散行为的组合的频率,增加低级别WSR-88 D扫描耗散检测的影响,以及未来的龙卷风生命周期的临近预报的前景也进行了讨论。
Weather Surveillance Radar–1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data from 36 tornadic supercell cases from 2012 to 2016 are investigated to identify common tornadic vortex signature (TVS) behaviors prior to tornado dissipation. Based on the results of past case studies, four characteristics of TVSs associated with tornado dissipation were identified: weak or decreasing TVS intensity, rearward storm-relative motion of the TVS, large or increasing TVS vertical tilt, and large or increasing TVS horizontal displacement from the main storm updraft. Only cases in which a TVS was within 60 km of a WSR-88D site in at least four consecutive volumes at the end of the tornado life cycle were examined. The space and time restrictions on case selection ensured that the aforementioned quantities could be determined within ~500 m of the surface at several time periods despite the relatively coarse spatiotemporal resolution of WSR-88D systems. It is found that prior to dissipation, TVSs become increasingly less intense, tend to move rearward in a storm-relative framework, and become increasingly more separated from the approximate location of the main storm updraft. There is no clear signal in the relationship between tornado tilt, as measured in inclination angle, and TVS dissipation. The frequency of combinations of TVS dissipation behaviors, the impact of increased low-level WSR-88D scanning on dissipation detection, and prospects for future nowcasting of tornado life cycles also are discussed.
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