Testing olfactory foraging strategies in an Antarctic seabird assemblage
Testing olfactory foraging strategies in an Antarctic seabird assemblage
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.01198
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Trathan, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nevitt, G;Reid, K;Trathan, P
Procellariiform海鸟（海燕，信天翁和剪水）饲料超过数千平方公里的斑块分布猎物资源。虽然这些鸟类以其巨大的嗅球和出色的嗅觉而闻名，但它们如何利用气味线索在广阔的海洋中定位猎物补丁还不太清楚。在这里，我们调查的物种特异性的反应，3-甲基吡嗪在亚南极物种组合附近的南格鲁吉亚岛（54度00' S，36度00 ' W）。吡嗪是在浸软的南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）中发现的有气味的化合物，南极磷虾是该地区许多海鸟的主要猎物。为了研究这种气味的行为吸引力，我们在海上给鸟类提供了有香味或“无味”的植物油浮油。作为我们实验的阳性对照，我们还比较了鸟类对一般嗅觉引诱剂鲱鱼油的反应。对吡嗪的反应是高度物种特异性的，并且与早期研究对粗磷虾提取物的反应的结果一致。例如，角海燕（Cape petrel）（Daption capense）、巨海燕（Macronectes sp.）白颊海燕（Procellaria aequinoctialis）在吡嗪气味的浮油中出现的次数至少是对照浮油的1.8-4倍。黑眉信天翁（Diomedea melanophris）只在吡嗪气味的浮油中被发现，而在对照浮油中从未被发现。威尔逊风暴海燕（Oceanites oceanicus）、黑腹风暴海燕（Fregetta tropica）、大剪翅雀（Puffinus gravis）和朊病毒（Pachyptila sp.）在对照组和吡嗪气味的浮油中以相同的频率出现。正如预期的那样，对鲱鱼油的反应更为普遍。除了大剪水（Puffinus gravis），这些物种中的每一个都被发现了五倍，往往在浮油与鲱鱼油的气味相比，控制浮油。总之，这些结果支持了这样一个假设，即南极原细胞形类使用物种特异性的觅食策略，这些策略是相互依赖的，比简单地通过气味跟踪猎物更复杂。
Procellariiform seabirds (petrels, albatrosses and shearwaters) forage over thousands of square kilometres for patchily distributed prey resources. While these birds are known for their large olfactory bulbs and excellent sense of smell, how they use odour cues to locate prey patches in the vast ocean is not well understood. Here, we investigate species-specific responses to 3-methyl pyrazine in a sub-Antarctic species assemblage near South Georgia Island (54degrees00' S, 36degrees00' W). Pyrazines are scented compounds found in macerated Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a primary prey item for many seabird species in this region. To examine behavioural attraction to this odour, we presented birds with either scented or 'unscented' vegetable oil slicks at sea. As a positive control for our experiments, we also compared birds' responses to a general olfactory attractant, herring oil. Responses to pyrazine were both highly species specific and consistent with results from earlier studies investigating responses to crude krill extracts. For example, Cape petrels (Daption capense), giant petrels (Macronectes sp.) and white-chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis) were sighted at least 1.8-4 times as often at pyrazine-scented slicks than at control slicks. Black-browed albatrosses (Diomedea melanophris) were only sighted at pyrazine-scented slicks and never at control slicks. Wilson's storm-petrels (Oceanites oceanicus), black-bellied storm-petrels(Fregetta tropica), great shearwaters (Puffinus gravis) and prions (Pachyptila sp.) were sighted with equal frequency at control and pyrazine-scented slicks. As expected, responses to herring oil were more common. With the exception of great shearwaters (Puffinus gravis), each of these species was sighted up to five times as often at slicks scented with herring oil compared with control slicks. Together, the results support the hypothesis that Antarctic procellariiforms use species-specific foraging strategies that are inter-dependent and more complex than simply tracking prey by scent.