Defining the physiological determinants of low nitrogen requirement in wheat.
Defining the physiological determinants of low nitrogen requirement in wheat.
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DOI：
10.1042/bst20200282
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发表时间：
2021-04-30
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Swarbreck SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fradgley NS;Bentley AR;Swarbreck SM
氮是许多生态系统中限制生产力的主要营养元素。与粮食作物生产相关的大量氮需求主要通过提供合成氮肥来满足，导致经济和生态成本。优化氮素供需平衡是减少氮素向环境流失的关键。小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）生产为全世界数百万人提供食物，并且高度依赖于足够的N供应。氮库的大小，即小麦籽粒（数量、大小和蛋白质含量）是高氮需求的主要驱动因素。临时汇的最佳功能，特别是冠层，也会影响N的需求。氮素利用效率（即单位有效氮产生的产量）在高氮条件下往往较低，这表明小麦植株在低氮条件下更有效，并且在高氮条件下存在尚未达到的最佳功能。了解小麦低氮需求的决定因素将为选择适合于可持续谷物生产的遗传材料提供基础。在这篇综述中，我们剖析了氮需求的驱动因素在植物水平沿着与时间动态的供应和需求。
Nitrogen (N) is a major nutrient limiting productivity in many ecosystems. The large N demands associated with food crop production are met mainly through the provision of synthetic N fertiliser, leading to economic and ecological costs. Optimising the balance between N supply and demand is key to reducing N losses to the environment. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production provides food for millions of people worldwide and is highly dependent on sufficient N supply. The size of the N sink, i.e. wheat grain (number, size, and protein content) is the main driver of high N requirement. Optimal functioning of temporary sinks, in particular the canopy, can also affect N requirement. N use efficiency (i.e. yield produced per unit of N available) tends to be lower under high N conditions, suggesting that wheat plants are more efficient under low N conditions and that there is an optimal functioning yet unattained under high N conditions. Understanding the determinants of low N requirement in wheat would provide the basis for the selection of genetic material suitable for sustainable cereal production. In this review, we dissect the drivers of N requirement at the plant level along with the temporal dynamics of supply and demand.