Sex change limited by paternal care: a test using four Mediterranean labrid fishes, genus Symphodus
Sex change limited by paternal care: a test using four Mediterranean labrid fishes, genus Symphodus
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受父亲照顾限制的性别变化：使用四种地中海拉布德鱼（Symphodus）进行的测试
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发表时间：
1985
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Lejeune
中科院分区：
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作者：
R. R. Warner;P. Lejeune
四种地中海濑鱼（属Symphodus）的卡尔维，科西嘉，法国附近的自然条件下进行了调查，以测试的想法，即广泛的男性交配投资限制了男性生殖成功的极端，从而减少选择的先雌先孕的性别变化。这四个物种在雄性筑巢和照顾蛋的程度上有所不同，这种父亲般的照顾会减少交配的时间。In S. ocellatus和S.大一点的雄鸟会建造一个精致的巢，把蛋藏起来，并进行领土防御。这些雄性的产卵率相对较低，并且由于长时间的筑巢和产卵而变化不定。它们还受到较小雄性的大量干扰，这可能是由于巢穴位置的可预测性。性别变化似乎不存在。S.丁卡雄鸟只建造一个基本的巢，不产卵，产卵时受到的干扰也少得多。在这个物种中，大型雄性在交配方面相对更成功，偶尔会发生性别变化。S.黑尾丝虫的产卵率比小雄性高得多，部分原因是它们不建造或保卫巢穴，因此能够每天产卵。在这个物种中，性别变化似乎很常见。因此，在预期生育力随大小的变化中表现出最大的性别差异的物种也是表现出最强性别变化的物种。像这样的研究可以开始表明改变性别的实际成本。
Four species of the Mediterrnean wrasse (genus Symphodus) were investigated under natural conditions near Calvi, Corsica, France, to test the idea that extensive male mating-investment limits the extremes of male reproductive success, and thus reduces selection for protogynous sex change. The four species differ in the extent to which males build nests and care for the eggs, and this sort of paternal care can detract from time spent in mating. In S. ocellatus and S. roissali larger males construct an elaborate nest, ventilate the eggs, and engage in territorial defense. The spawning rates for these males are relatively low and variable due to long periods spent in nest construction and egg tending. They also suffer a large amount of interference from smaller males, which may be due to the predictability of nest location. Sex change appears to be absent. S. tinca males construct only a rudimentary nest, do not ventilate the eggs, and experience much less spawning interference. Large males are relatively more successful in mating in this species, and sex change appears to occasionally occur. The large males of S. melanocercus spawn at a much higher rate than small males, due in part to the fact that they do not construct or defend nests and thus are able to spawn on a daily basis. Sex change appears to be common in this species. Thus, the species that shows the greatest sexual difference in changes of expected fertility with size is also the species that shows the strongest expression of sex change. Studies such as this can begin to indicate the actual costs of changing sex.