Glial-neuronal interactions in the mammalian brain
Glial-neuronal interactions in the mammalian brain
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DOI：
10.1152/advan.00038.2002
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Hatton, GI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hatton, GI
神经胶质细胞在神经系统功能中的重要性的认识正在增加，特别是关于神经活动的调制。这篇简短的综述着重于星形胶质细胞和神经元之间发生的一些形态和功能相互作用。星形胶质细胞-神经元相互作用特别令人感兴趣，因为这种神经胶质细胞类型与神经元的所有部分都有密切和动态的联系，即，胞体、树突、轴突和终末。星形胶质细胞上某些受体的激活产生形态学变化，导致神经元之间的新接触，沿着由新接触带来的生理和功能变化。响应于其他受体的激活或细胞外微环境的变化，星形胶质细胞释放神经活性物质，直接刺激或抑制附近的神经元，并可能调节突触传递。虽然这些神经胶质-神经元相互作用中的一些已经被了解了很多年，其他的最近才被揭示，但它们共同构成了一个引人注目的故事，即大脑中这两种主要细胞类型如何执行哺乳动物神经系统执行的复杂任务。
Recognition of the importance of glial cells in nervous system functioning is increasing, specifically regarding the modulation of neural activity. This brief review focuses on some of the morphological and functional interactions that take place between astroglia and neurons. Astrocyte-neuron interactions are of special interest because this glia cell type has intimate and dynamic associations with all parts of neurons, i.e., somata, dendrites, axons, and terminals. Activation of certain receptors on astrocytes produces morphological changes that result in new contacts between neurons, along with physiological and functional changes brought about by the new contacts. In response to activation of other receptors or changes in the extracellular microenvironment, astrocytes release neuroactive substances that directly excite or inhibit nearby neurons and may modulate synaptic transmission. Although some of these glial-neuronal interactions have been known for many years, others have been quite recently revealed, but together they are forming a compelling story of how these two major cell types in the brain carry out the complex tasks that mammalian nervous systems perform.