Effects of the Eastern Carpathians on atmospheric circulations and precipitation chemistry from 2006 to 2016 at four monitoring stations (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)
Effects of the Eastern Carpathians on atmospheric circulations and precipitation chemistry from 2006 to 2016 at four monitoring stations (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.009
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发表时间：
2018-12
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
R. Szép;E. Mateescu;Ion-Andrei Nita;M. Birsan;Z. Bodor;Ágnes Keresztesi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Szép;E. Mateescu;Ion-Andrei Nita;M. Birsan;Z. Bodor;Ágnes Keresztesi
从2006年到2016年，在罗马尼亚东喀尔巴阡山脉的四个采样点对雨水的化学成分进行了全面研究，以研究山内和山外地区的降水化学和大气环流之间的差异。分析所有样品的pH值、电导率和主要离子。1981-2016年期间记录的每日降水数据用于传播导致高降水日发生的天气类型。ERA再分析（临时版本）被用来建立一个大气环流类型的数据库，使用多种方法来比较类似的天气模式是否是特定的天与>10毫米的降雨。降水量与海拔高度的相关关系反映了地形对流和障碍物效应。Ciuc盆地（CB）的平均pH值为6.6，Giurgeu盆地（GB）为6.8，Deda-Toplipilia Pass（DTP）为6.9，Odorheiu亚山盆地（OSB）为6.6。在OSB处测量最低pH值。在此，观察到12%的样品为酸性，相比之下，CB为3.31%，GB为0.80%，DTP为1.70%。NH 4+是最丰富的离子物种在CB，GB和DTP;在OSB的Ca 2+和NH 4+的优势观察。SO 42-是所有采样点最主要的阴离子，OSB的体积加权平均浓度最高（159 μeql-1）。中和因子、离子比和铵中和指数显示了NH 4+和Ca 2+在酸性组分上的中和潜力。斯皮尔曼相关分析和主成分分析揭示了主要离子的来源。Na+和Mg 2+（R= 0.63）在OSB之间的显着相关性表明相同的源（海洋）的起源，从远距离传输的海喷雾，并在CB，GB和DTP这些阳离子之间缺乏相关性证实了喀尔巴阡山脉链的阻断作用。
A comprehensive study on the chemical composition of rainwater was carried out from 2006 to 2016 in four sampling locations from the Eastern Carpathians, Romania, in order to study the differences between the precipitation chemistry and atmospheric circulations of intra-mountain and extra-mountain areas. All samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity and major ions. Daily precipitation data recorded during 1981–2016 was used to disseminate weather types that lead to the occurrence of high precipitation days. ERA reanalysis (Interim version) was used to build a database for the atmospheric circulation types, using multiple methods to compare if similar synoptic patterns are specific for the days with >10 mm of rain. Correlation between precipitation and elevation showed the orographic convection and the barrier effect. The average pH was 6.6 at Ciuc basin (CB), 6.8 at Giurgeu basin (GB), 6.9 at Deda-Toplița Pass (DTP) and 6.6 at Odorheiu sub mountain basin (OSB). Lowest pH values were measured at OSB. Here, 12% of the samples were observed to be acidic, compared to 3.31% at CB, 0.80% at GB and 1.70% at DTP. NH4+was the most abundant ionic species at CB, GB and DTP; at OSB the dominance of both Ca2+and NH4+was observed. SO42−was the most predominant anion at all sampling sites, having the highest volume weighted mean (159 μeql−1) concentration at OSB. Neutralization factors, ionic ratios and the ammonium neutralization index showed the neutralization potential of NH4+and Ca2+over acidic components. Spearman correlation and Principal Component Analysis showed the sources of major ions. Significant correlation between Na+and Mg2+(R= 0.63) at OSB suggests the same source (marine) origin, from the long range transported sea sprays, and the lack of correlation between these cations at CB, GB and DTP confirms the blocking effect of the Carpathians Mountain chain.