Neutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector
Neutron tagging following atmospheric neutrino events in a water Cherenkov detector
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水切伦科夫探测器中大气中微子事件后的中子标记
DOI：
10.1088/1748-0221/17/10/p10029
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Abe K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abe K
超级神冈（SK）水切伦科夫探测器被用来研究广泛的物理学;它测量了各种来源的中微子（太阳[1]，大气[2]和加速器[3]），同时寻找核子衰变[4]和超新星中微子[5]。虽然SK可以有效地探测到小质量的相对论性带电粒子，如电子、μ子和π介子，但具有低动量或不带电荷的重粒子，如质子和中子，产生很少或没有切伦科夫光，并且不容易被探测到。然而，探测中子的能力虽然具有挑战性，但有望提高各种分析的灵敏度[6]。作为一个例子，中子的探测可以改善中微子和反中微子的统计分离，因为中微子事件预期产生比反中微子事件更少的中子。最明显的例子是反中微子荷电流准弹性相互作用（CCQE），它在末态产生中子，但中微子CCQE产生质子。改进这种分离可以通过分析大气中微子振荡来提高对中微子质量有序的灵敏度。此外，所观察到的中子数与入射中微子能量相关，使得有可能改善大气中微子相互作用中母能量的估计。中子的探测也有助于减少核子衰变搜索的背景，因为它们的主要背景，大气中微子事件，经常与中子有关，而氧气中核子衰变的中子喷射预计是罕见的。在最近的核子衰变研究中，中子示踪已被证明是一种强有力的本底降低工具[7]。本文介绍的中子探测方法依赖于观察中子在氢上捕获时产生的伽马射线。中微子或反中微子相互作用产生中子，产生的中子在SK水中运动并热化。热化中子最终将被氧或氢核俘获，俘获截面分别为0.19 mb和0.33 B。因此，几乎所有的中子都被氢俘获，特征俘获时间为204.8±0.4 μs [8]。这导致2.2 MeV伽马射线的发射，
The Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector is utilized to study a wide range of physics; it has measured neutrinos from various sources (solar [1], atmospheric [2], and accelerator [3]), while searching for nucleon decay [4] and supernova neutrinos [5]. While SK efficiently detects relativistic charged particles with small masses, like electrons, muons, and pions, heavy particles with low momentum or no charge, such as protons and neutrons, produce little or no Cherenkov light and cannot be easily detected. However, the ability to detect neutrons, though challenging, is expected to improve the sensitivity of various analyses [6]. As an example, the detection of neutrons can improve the statistical separation of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos since neutrino events are expected to produce fewer neutrons than anti-neutrino events. The clearest example is the anti-neutrino charged current quasi-elastic (CCQE) interaction, which produces neutron in the final state but the neutrino CCQE produces proton instead. Improving this separation can enhance sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering via analysis of atmospheric neutrino oscillations. Further, the observed number of neutrons is correlated with the incident neutrino energy, making it possible to improve estimations of the parent energy in atmospheric neutrino interactions. Detection of neutrons can also help to reduce backgrounds to nucleon decay searches, since their main backgrounds, atmospheric neutrino events, are frequently associated with neutrons, while neutron ejection from nucleon decay in oxygen is expected to be rare. Neutron tagging has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for background reduction in recent nucleon decay searches [7].The neutron detection method presented here relies on observing the gamma ray produced in neutron capture on hydrogen. Neutrino or anti-neutrino interaction produces neutrons and the produced neutrons travel in the SK water and thermalized. The thermalized neutron will eventually be captured by an oxygen or hydrogen nucleus, with capture cross sections of 0.19 mb and 0.33 b, respectively. Therefore, almost all the neutrons are captured by hydrogen, with a characteristic capture time of 204.8±0.4 μs [8]. This results in the emission of a 2.2 MeV gamma ray,
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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DOI：
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20世纪90年代日本私立大学及短期大学研究
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2003
期刊：
The Annual Reports of the Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University Vol.51
影响因子：
--
作者：
Inomata;Toshiyuki
通讯作者：
Toshiyuki