Emission factors from wheat and Kentucky bluegrass stubble burning: Comparison of field and simulated burn experiments
Emission factors from wheat and Kentucky bluegrass stubble burning: Comparison of field and simulated burn experiments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.10.008
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Jimenez, Jorge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhammapala, Ranil;Claiborn, Candis;Jimenez, Jorge
在一系列野外焚烧试验中，研究了小麦和草地早熟禾秸秆收获后焚烧产生的PM2.5、CO、元素碳(EC)、颗粒有机碳(OC)、多环芳烃(PAHs)和甲氧基酚(MPS)的排放因子。在火灾的地面、上风向和下风向收集了综合烟雾样本，并使用碳平衡法(在先前的室内实验中进行了验证)确定了EFS。将这些EFS与从先前进行的燃烧室烧伤中评估的EFS进行比较，以确定后者是否能很好地代表现场情景。总体而言，当考虑燃烧效率(CE)差异时，除了EC和固+气相多环芳烃外，在野外和室内测量的排放因子之间观察到了合理的一致性，这两种排放因子都来自小麦燃烧。来自小麦烧伤的EC和PAHs在燃烧室中被观察到更高的含量，尽管PAH数据在CES>；90%是一致的。EC高估可能是由于燃烧室燃烧产生的重载石英过滤器的EC-OC分配错误所致。KBG暗室资料中EC和OC EF-CE相关性较差，难以与现场资料进行对比。颗粒有机质/有机碳比值(小麦为2.1+/-1.3，大麦为1.9)高于室内实验观测结果(小麦和大麦均为1.5)。室内EC的高估，以及田间含氧物种的凝聚，可能是造成这种差异的原因。尽管从地面样品评估的CO和CH4 EFS与在轻型飞机上采集的不同，EF-CE关系相似。这凸显了同时测定CES和EFS的重要性。(C)2006爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
Emission factors (EFs) of PM2.5, CO, elemental carbon (EC), particulate organic carbon (OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and methoxyphenols (MPs) from post-harvest burning of wheat and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) stubble were evaluated in a series of field burns. Integrated smoke samples were collected at ground level, upwind and downwind of the fires, and EFs were determined with the carbon balance method (validated during previous chamber experiments). These EFs were compared against EFs evaluated from previously conducted chamber burns, to determine how well the latter represent field scenarios. In general, when combustion efficiency (CE) differences were taken into account, a reasonable degree of agreement was observed between emission factors measured in the field and in the chamber, except for EC and solid + vapor phase PAHs, both from wheat burns. EC and PAHs from wheat burns were seen in higher amounts in the chamber, although the PAH data are in agreement at CEs > 90%. EC overestimates might be due to a misassigned EC-OC split in the heavily loaded quartz filters from chamber burns. Poor EC and OC EF-CE correlations in KBG chamber data make the comparison with field data difficult. The particulate organic matter/OC ratios (2.1 +/- 1.3 for wheat and 1.9 for KBG) were higher than those observed during chamber experiments (1.5 for both wheat and KBG). Overestimates of EC in the chamber and possibly the condensation of oxygenated species in the field may be responsible for this difference. Though CO and CH4 EFs evaluated from ground-based samples differed from those collected on board a light aircraft, EF-CE relationships were similar. This underscores the importance of determining both the CEs and EFs simultaneously. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.