Context generalization in Drosophila visual learning requires the mushroom bodies
Context generalization in Drosophila visual learning requires the mushroom bodies
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/23456
复制
发表时间：
1999-08-19
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Heisenberg, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, L;Wolf, R;Heisenberg, M
世界是永远在变化的，关于学习和记忆的实验室实验通常会尽量减少现实的这一特征，使除条件和非条件刺激外的所有条件尽可能保持不变(1)。然而，在现实世界中，动物需要从感官信号中提取显著事件的实际预测因子，将它们与非预测刺激（context(2)）分离开来。原则上，只要将那些在时间结构上与强化因子相似的感官输入作为预测因子，就可以实现这一目标。在这里，我们使用飞行模拟器研究了黑腹果蝇的视觉学习（3,4），并表明记忆检索确实部分独立于上下文。此外，我们表明，蘑菇体是嗅觉（5-7）而不是视觉或触觉学习(8)所必需的，它有效地支持上下文概括。在果蝇的视觉学习中，语境提示对记忆检索的促进作用似乎是默认状态，而使回忆与语境无关则需要额外的处理。
The world is permanently changing, Laboratory experiments on learning and memory normally minimize this feature of reality, keeping all conditions except the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli as constant as possible(1). In the real world, however, animals need to extract from the universe of sensory signals the actual predictors of salient events by separating them from nonpredictive stimuli (context(2)), In principle, this can be achieved if only those sensory inputs that resemble the reinforcer in their temporal structure are taken as predictors. Here we study visual learning in the fly Drosophila melanogaster, using a flight simulator(3,4), and show that memory retrieval is, indeed, partially context-independent. Moreover, we show that the mushroom bodies, which are required for olfactory(5-7) but not visual or tactile learning(8), effectively support context generalization. In visual learning in Drosophila, it appears that a facilitating effect of context cues for memory retrieval is the default state, whereas making recall context-independent requires additional processing.