International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition.
International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12970-017-0174-y
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Antonio J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aragon AA;Schoenfeld BJ;Wildman R;Kleiner S;VanDusseldorp T;Taylor L;Earnest CP;Arciero PJ;Wilborn C;Kalman DS;Stout JR;Willoughby DS;Campbell B;Arent SM;Bannock L;Smith-Ryan AE;Antonio J
立场声明：国际运动营养学会（ISSN）基于对有关饮食类型（常量营养素成分;饮食方式）及其对身体成分影响的文献的批判性分析，提出了以下立场。ISSN得出了以下结论。1)有许多饮食类型和饮食风格，其中许多亚型属于每一个主要的饮食原型。2)所有的身体成分评估方法都有优点和局限性。3)饮食主要集中在脂肪损失是由持续的热量不足。基线体脂水平越高，热量不足可能施加得越积极。在较瘦的受试者中，较慢的体重减轻速率可以更好地保持瘦体重（LM）。4)饮食主要集中在累积LM是由持续的热量盈余，以促进合成代谢过程和支持不断增加的阻力训练需求。盈余的组成和大小以及受试者的训练状况可以影响增益的性质。5)广泛的饮食方法（低脂到低碳水化合物/生酮，以及之间的所有点）对改善身体组成也同样有效。6)将膳食蛋白质增加到显著超过目前对运动人群的建议的水平可能会改善身体组成。在低热量条件下，可能需要更高的蛋白质摄入量（2.3-3.1 g/kg FFM），以最大限度地提高瘦的阻力训练受试者的肌肉保留力。对非常高的蛋白质摄入量（>3 g/kg）的新兴研究表明，膳食蛋白质的已知热，饱腹感和LM保存作用可能在阻力训练受试者中被放大。7)间歇性热量限制的集体研究表明，在改善身体成分方面，与每日热量限制相比，没有显着优势。8)饮食的长期成功取决于依从性和抑制或规避缓解因素，如适应性产热。9)对妇女和老年人的研究很少，在各种能量平衡和训练相结合的情况下，喂养频率和大量营养素分布的排列方式也很广泛。行为和生活方式的调整策略仍然是体重管理的研究领域。
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1) There is a multitude of diet types and eating styles, whereby numerous subtypes fall under each major dietary archetype. 2) All body composition assessment methods have strengths and limitations. 3) Diets primarily focused on fat loss are driven by a sustained caloric deficit. The higher the baseline body fat level, the more aggressively the caloric deficit may be imposed. Slower rates of weight loss can better preserve lean mass (LM) in leaner subjects. 4) Diets focused primarily on accruing LM are driven by a sustained caloric surplus to facilitate anabolic processes and support increasing resistance-training demands. The composition and magnitude of the surplus, as well as training status of the subjects can influence the nature of the gains. 5) A wide range of dietary approaches (low-fat to low-carbohydrate/ketogenic, and all points between) can be similarly effective for improving body composition. 6) Increasing dietary protein to levels significantly beyond current recommendations for athletic populations may result in improved body composition. Higher protein intakes (2.3–3.1 g/kg FFM) may be required to maximize muscle retention in lean, resistance-trained subjects under hypocaloric conditions. Emerging research on very high protein intakes (>3 g/kg) has demonstrated that the known thermic, satiating, and LM-preserving effects of dietary protein might be amplified in resistance-training subjects. 7) The collective body of intermittent caloric restriction research demonstrates no significant advantage over daily caloric restriction for improving body composition. 8) The long-term success of a diet depends upon compliance and suppression or circumvention of mitigating factors such as adaptive thermogenesis. 9) There is a paucity of research on women and older populations, as well as a wide range of untapped permutations of feeding frequency and macronutrient distribution at various energetic balances combined with training. Behavioral and lifestyle modification strategies are still poorly researched areas of weight management.