The influence of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) on the reactivity of [Ru(NHC)(4)H](+) with H(2), N(2), CO and O(2).

The influence of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) on the reactivity of [Ru(NHC)(4)H](+) with H(2), N(2), CO and O(2).
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N-杂环卡宾 (NHC) 对 [Ru(NHC)(4)H]( ) 与 H(2)、N(2)、CO 和 O(2) 反应性的影响。

DOI:
10.1002/chem.200901736
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发表时间:
2009
期刊:
Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Burling S
Burling S
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burling S

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五配位的钌氮杂环卡宾(NHC)配位化合物[Ru(LiPr2Me2)4H][BArF4](1; IiPr 2 Me 2 = 1,3-二异丙基-4,5-二甲基咪唑-2-亚基; ArF= 3,5-(CF 3)2C 6 H3),[Ru(IEt 2 Me 2)4 H][BArF 4](2; IEt 2 Me 2 = 1,3-二乙基-4,5-二甲基咪唑-2-亚基)和[Ru(IMe 4)4 H][BArF 4](3; IMe 4 = 1,3,4,5-四甲基咪唑-2-亚基)已经在[Ru(PPh 3)3 HCl]与4-8当量的游离卡宾在环境温度下反应后合成。配合物1 - 3的结构特征和显示方锥几何形状与顶端氢化物配体。在二氯甲烷或吡啶溶液中,1和2在δ−41附近显示出非常低频的氢化物信号。四甲基卡宾络合物3在甲苯中表现出类似的化学位移,但在乙腈中显示出由溶剂加合物[Ru(IMe 4)4(MeCN)H][BArF 4] 4产生的更高频率的信号。1 - 3对H2和N2的反应性取决于NHC配体的N-取代基的大小。因此,1对两种气体均不反应,2仅在低温下与H2和N2反应且不完全,而3在室温下以定量产率提供[Ru(IMe 4)4(η2-H2)H][BArF 4](7)和[Ru(IMe 4)4(N2)H][BArF 4](8)。CO无选择性,与1 - 3反应生成[Ru(NHC)4(CO)H][BArF 4](9-11)。在2和3的溶液中加入O2会导致快速氧化,从中分离出RuIII物种[Ru(NHC)4(OH)2][BArF 4]和RuIV氧代氯代配合物[Ru(IEt 2 Me 2)4(O)Cl][BArF 4]。DFT计算再现了3结合小分子的更大能力,并显示出遵循CO → O2> N2> H2趋势的相对结合强度。
The five‐coordinate ruthenium N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) hydrido complexes [Ru(IiPr2Me2)4H][BArF4] (1; IiPr2Me2=1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene; ArF=3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3), [Ru(IEt2Me2)4H][BArF4] (2; IEt2Me2=1,3‐diethyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) and [Ru(IMe4)4H][BArF4] (3; IMe4=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) have been synthesised following reaction of [Ru(PPh3)3HCl] with 4–8 equivalents of the free carbenes at ambient temperature. Complexes1–3have been structurally characterised and show square pyramidal geometries with apical hydride ligands. In both dichloromethane or pyridine solution,1and2display very low frequency hydride signals at aboutδ−41. The tetramethyl carbene complex3exhibits a similar chemical shift in toluene, but shows a higher frequency signal in acetonitrile arising from the solvent adduct [Ru(IMe4)4(MeCN)H][BArF4],4. The reactivity of1–3towards H2and N2depends on the size of the N‐substituent of the NHC ligand. Thus,1is unreactive towards both gases,2reacts with both H2and N2only at low temperature and incompletely, while3affords [Ru(IMe4)4(η2‐H2)H][BArF4] (7) and [Ru(IMe4)4(N2)H][BArF4] (8) in quantitative yield at room temperature. CO shows no selectivity, reacting with1–3to give [Ru(NHC)4(CO)H][BArF4] (9–11). Addition of O2to solutions of2and3leads to rapid oxidation, from which the RuIIIspecies [Ru(NHC)4(OH)2][BArF4] and the RuIVoxo chlorido complex [Ru(IEt2Me2)4(O)Cl][BArF4] were isolated. DFT calculations reproduce the greater ability of3to bind small molecules and show relative binding strengths that follow the trend CO ≫ O2> N2> H2.
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