External threat and the definition of deviance.
External threat and the definition of deviance.
复制标题
外部威胁和异常的定义。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
J. Inverarity
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pat Lauderdale;Phil Smith;Jerry Parker;J. Inverarity
研究（Lauderdale，1976; Schachter，1951）表明，对一个群体的外部威胁可能导致拒绝群体中的越轨成员，改变群体的沟通模式和团结。本研究试图扩展这些发现，将它们与齐美尔（1917/1955）关于群体冲突的工作中的概念结合起来，并将它们与社会反应方法中的关键问题联系起来。我们研究了威胁水平变化的影响，偏离状态和不符合中心任务规范之间的关系，高地位的行为者在偏离指定中的作用，拒绝和否定定义的偏离之间的关系，以及拒绝和否定定义对群体团结的影响。在涉及三种条件（强威胁、弱威胁和无威胁）的实验设计中测试假设。结果表明：（a）威胁水平与拒绝程度和否定定义直接相关，（B）不符合中心任务规范与偏离状态没有系统相关，（c）高地位行动者更多地参与拒绝偏离者，（d）在强威胁条件下，社会计量学拒绝偏离者伴随着否定定义，（e）群体团结的程度与拒绝和否定定义的程度有关。这些研究结果的影响进行了讨论相对于社会反应的方法，在其他社会群体的越轨行为和类似的过程。
Research ( Lauderdale , 1976; Schachter , 1951) suggests that an external threat to a group can lead to the rejection of deviant members of the group and alteration of group communication patterns and solidarity. This study sought to extend those findings, integrate them with concepts from Simmel 's (1917/1955) work on group conflict, and link them to key issues in the societal reaction approach to deviant behavior. We examined the effect of variation in level of threat, the relationship between deviant status and nonconformity to the central task norm, the role of high-status actors in deviance designation, the relationship between rejection and negative definition of the deviant, and the effects of rejection and negative definition on group solidarity. Hypotheses were tested in an experimental design involving three conditions (strong threat, weak threat, and no threat). The results suggest that (a) the level of threat is directly related to the extent of rejection and negative definition, (b) nonconformity to the central task norm is not systematically related to deviant status, (c) high-status actors are more involved in the rejection of the deviant, (d) sociometric rejection of the deviant is accompanied by negative definition in the strong-threat condition, and (e) the level of group solidarity is related to the extent of rejection and negative definition. Implications of these findings are discussed relative to the societal reaction approach to deviant behavior and analogous processes in other social groups.