MICROHABITATS OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA WITHIN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS
MICROHABITATS OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA WITHIN DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS
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DOI：
10.1038/314435a0
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
CORLISS, BH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CORLISS, BH
底栖有孔虫是在深海环境中发现的原生动物，它们分泌碳酸钙或构建胶结沉积物颗粒（粘连或砂状有孔虫）。在典型的深海沉积物中，胶结分类群的有机胶结物在沉积物中埋藏后会降解，因此很少有标本在化石记录中存活下来。相比之下，钙质物种在大多数海洋沉积物中保存得很好，除了在深海，由于底部水的碳酸盐含量高，大多数碳酸盐沉积物被溶解。虽然底栖有孔虫在新生代古海洋学研究中得到了广泛的应用，但对深海物种的生态学却知之甚少。在这里，我对深海沉积物上部15厘米内的活底栖有孔虫（染色）进行了分析，揭示了物种特有的微栖息地偏好，并在地外和地内物种中发现了不同的形态特征。动物栖息地的存在表明，某些有孔虫的分布并不直接受上覆底水条件的控制，而是受沉积物内部的物理化学条件的控制。微生境偏好也可以解释种间碳同位素的差异，因为现有数据表明，有孔虫的δ 13c同位素值通常低于层外物种。
Benthic foraminifera are protozoans found throughout the deep-sea environment, secreting a test of calcium carbonate or constructing a test of cemented sediment particles (agglutinated or arenaceous foraminifera). In typical deep-sea sediments, the organic cement of agglutinated taxa degrades upon burial in the sediment and, consequently, few specimens survive in the fossil record. In contrast, calcareous species are well preserved in most oceanic sediments, except at abyssal depths where most carbonate sediment is dissolved because of high levels of carbonate under-saturation of the bottom waters. Although benthic foraminifera have been widely used in studies of Cenozoic palaeoceanography, little is known about the ecology of deep-sea species. I present here an analysis of living (stained) benthic foraminifera within the upper 15 cm of deep-sea sediments, which reveals species-specific microhabitat preferences, with distinct morphological features found with epifaunal and infaunal species. The existence of infaunal habitats suggests that the distribution of certain foraminifera is not directly controlled by overlying bottom-water conditions, but by physicochemical conditions within the sediments. The microhabitat preferences may also explain interspecific carbon isotope differences, as existing data show that infaunal foraminifera generally have lowerδ13C isotope values than epifaunal species.