The Whereabouts of microRNA Actions: Cytoplasm and Beyond.
The Whereabouts of microRNA Actions: Cytoplasm and Beyond.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tcb.2015.07.005
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发表时间：
2015-10
影响因子：
19
通讯作者：
Leung AKL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Leung AKL
miRNA是一类保守的约22个核苷酸（nt）的短非编码RNA，其通常通过植物和动物中靶mRNA的翻译抑制和/或降解来沉默基因表达。识别miRNA的位置可能会告知miRNA的功能，其中一些可能专门用于特定的细胞区室。在这篇综述中，我讨论了miRNA定位在细胞质中的意义，包括RNA颗粒和内膜，以及miRNA向细胞外空间的输出。我探讨了在正常和应激条件下，核心miRNA结合蛋白Argonaute（AGO）上的蛋白质修饰如何调控miRNA的定位和功能，并通过讨论新的AGO伙伴、非AGO miRNA结合蛋白以及对核质、核仁和线粒体中发现的miRNA的紧急理解得出结论。
miRNAs are a conserved class of approximately 22 nucleotide (nt) short non-coding RNAs that normally silence gene expression via translational repression and/or degradation of targeted mRNAs in plants and animals. Identifying the whereabouts of miRNAs potentially informs miRNA functions, some of which are perhaps specialized to specific cellular compartments. In this review, I discuss the significance of miRNA localizations in the cytoplasm, including those at RNA granules and endomembranes, and the export of miRNAs to extracellular space. I explore how miRNA localizations and functions are regulated by protein modifications on the core miRNA-binding protein Argonaute (AGO) during normal and stress conditions, and conclude by discussing new AGO partners, non-AGO miRNA-binding proteins, and the emergent understanding of miRNAs found in the nucleoplasm, nucleoli, and mitochondria.