Idiosyncratic Biogenesis of Intracellular Pathogens-Containing Vacuoles.

Idiosyncratic Biogenesis of Intracellular Pathogens-Containing Vacuoles.
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DOI:
10.3389/fcimb.2021.722433
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Abu Kwaik Y
Abu Kwaik Y
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vaughn B;Abu Kwaik Y

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虽然被巨噬细胞吸收的大多数细菌物种通过内体-溶酶体降解途径通过含细菌的空泡的加工而降解,但空泡内病原体已经进化为通过内体-溶酶体途径逃避降解。所有液泡内病原体都具有专门的分泌系统(T3 SS-T7 SS),其将效应蛋白注入宿主细胞胞质溶胶中以调节无数宿主细胞过程并将其液泡重塑为增殖小生境。虽然液泡内病原体利用类似的分泌系统来干扰它们的液泡生物发生,但每种病原体都进化出一种独特的蛋白质效应物工具箱,这些蛋白质效应物被注射到宿主细胞中以与不同的宿主细胞靶标相互作用并调节不同的宿主细胞靶标。因此,液泡内病原体在干扰其液泡生物发生以产生适合其自身增殖的独特的液泡内生态位方面已经进化出明显的特异性。虽然我们对液泡内病原体调节吞噬体生物发生的认识有了质的飞跃,但受影响的详细生化和细胞过程仍有待破译。在这里,我们讨论了如何intravacuolar细菌病原体沙门氏菌,衣原体,分枝杆菌,军团菌,布鲁氏菌,柯克斯体,和无形体利用其独特的一套效应器注射到宿主细胞干扰内吞,胞吐,和ER-高尔基体囊泡交通。然而,柯克斯体是在水解溶酶体区室内增殖的细菌病原体的主要例外,但其T4 SS对于溶酶体样空泡内的适应和增殖是必不可少的。
While most bacterial species taken up by macrophages are degraded through processing of the bacteria-containing vacuole through the endosomal-lysosomal degradation pathway, intravacuolar pathogens have evolved to evade degradation through the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. All intra-vacuolar pathogens possess specialized secretion systems (T3SS-T7SS) that inject effector proteins into the host cell cytosol to modulate myriad of host cell processes and remodel their vacuoles into proliferative niches. Although intravacuolar pathogens utilize similar secretion systems to interfere with their vacuole biogenesis, each pathogen has evolved a unique toolbox of protein effectors injected into the host cell to interact with, and modulate, distinct host cell targets. Thus, intravacuolar pathogens have evolved clear idiosyncrasies in their interference with their vacuole biogenesis to generate a unique intravacuolar niche suitable for their own proliferation. While there has been a quantum leap in our knowledge of modulation of phagosome biogenesis by intravacuolar pathogens, the detailed biochemical and cellular processes affected remain to be deciphered. Here we discuss how the intravacuolar bacterial pathogens Salmonella, Chlamydia, Mycobacteria, Legionella, Brucella, Coxiella, and Anaplasma utilize their unique set of effectors injected into the host cell to interfere with endocytic, exocytic, and ER-to-Golgi vesicle traffic. However, Coxiella is the main exception for a bacterial pathogen that proliferates within the hydrolytic lysosomal compartment, but its T4SS is essential for adaptation and proliferation within the lysosomal-like vacuole.
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