Monitoring Sea Level in the Coastal Zone with Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauges
Monitoring Sea Level in the Coastal Zone with Satellite Altimetry and Tide Gauges
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DOI：
10.1007/s10712-016-9392-0
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发表时间：
2016-11
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
P. Cipollini;F. Calafat;S. Jevrejeva;A. Melet;P. Prandi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Cipollini;F. Calafat;S. Jevrejeva;A. Melet;P. Prandi
我们研究了沿海地区海平面的持续测量问题，首先总结了验潮仪的长期观测，然后展示了这些观测现在如何得到沿海海洋改进的卫星测高产品的补充。我们提出了一些沿海测高的进展，无论是从专门的雷达波形的再处理和改进的大气效应校正的发展。这种趋势，更好的测高数据在海岸也来自技术创新，如Ka波段测高和合成孔径雷达测高，我们讨论了来自AltiKa Ka Ka波段高度计和SIRAL高度计CryoSat-2，可以在合成孔径雷达模式下运行的优势。沿着英国海岸的一个案例研究表明，沿海测高和验潮观测之间的良好协议，均方根差低至4厘米，在许多站，允许表征的海平面沿着英国海岸的年度周期。最后，我们研究的海平面趋势的演变，从开放到沿海海洋沿着非洲西海岸，比较标准和沿海改进的产品。不同的产品给出不同的海平面趋势剖面，因此建议需要作出更多努力，利用过去和现在的卫星高度计研究沿海地区的海平面趋势。通过更精确地处理和筛选数据，特别是通过不断改进地球物理校正，预计会有进一步的改进。
We examine the issue of sustained measurements of sea level in the coastal zone, first by summarizing the long-term observations from tide gauges, then showing how those are now complemented by improved satellite altimetry products in the coastal ocean. We present some of the progresses in coastal altimetry, both from dedicated reprocessing of the radar waveforms and from the development of improved corrections for the atmospheric effects. This trend towards better altimetric data at the coast comes also from technological innovations such as Ka-band altimetry and SAR altimetry, and we discuss the advantages deriving from the AltiKa Ka-band altimeter and the SIRAL altimeter on CryoSat-2 that can be operated in SAR mode. A case study along the UK coast demonstrates the good agreement between coastal altimetry and tide gauge observations, with root mean square differences as low as 4 cm at many stations, allowing the characterization of the annual cycle of sea level along the UK coasts. Finally, we examine the evolution of the sea level trend from the open to the coastal ocean along the western coast of Africa, comparing standard and coastally improved products. Different products give different sea level trend profiles, so the recommendation is that additional efforts are needed to study sea level trends in the coastal zone from past and present satellite altimeters. Further improvements are expected from more refined processing and screening of data, but in particular from the constant improvements in the geophysical corrections.