Arable Crop Disease Control, Environmental Change and Food Security
Arable Crop Disease Control, Environmental Change and Food Security
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DOI：
10.1016/j.proenv.2015.07.277
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Fitt;A. Qi;F. Newbery
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Fitt;A. Qi;F. Newbery
作物病害导致产量损失，但作物生产力需要在未来35年内提高70%以上，以适应人口增长和饮食偏好的变化1。作物和病原体相互作用以响应环境条件的变化。最近的预测相结合的气候模型数据与油菜生长模型和茎点霉茎溃疡病模型表明，产量将增加在英国，特别是在苏格兰，而潜在的损失茎点霉茎溃疡病将是最大的在英格兰南部2。中国的油菜生产受到可能到来的斑点细球腔菌的威胁，斑点细球腔菌是一种比现有的大裂叶细球腔菌致病力更强的茎溃疡病病原菌。在Rothamsted Research（1844年至今）存档的小麦样本中，二氧化硫浓度与Phaeosphaeria nodorumto Zymoseptoria graminicolain的比例之间存在很强的相关性，这表明细微的环境变化也会导致病原体种群的变化4。在环境变化下确保未来的粮食安全具有挑战性，需要更多地了解植物病害过程。生物触发防御（ETD）通过R基因编码的细胞表面受体样蛋白来对抗细胞外真菌病原体，该蛋白仅在内生病原体生长一段时间后触发细胞死亡5。这方面的一个例子是油菜对芸苔核盘菌的抗性，这种抗性通过阻止无性孢子的形成而起作用。利用这种理解和制定战略来控制生物压力对于确保未来充足的粮食供应至关重要。
Crop diseases cause yield losses, yet crop productivity needs to increase by > 70% over the next 35 years to accommodate population growth and changing dietary preferences1. Crop plants and pathogens interact in response to changes in environmental conditions. Recent predictions made by combining climate model data with an oilseed rape growth model and a phoma stem canker model suggest that yield will increase in the UK, especially in Scotland, whereas potential losses from phoma stem canker will be greatest in southern England2. Oilseed rape production in China is threatened by the possible arrival ofLeptosphaeria maculans, a more virulent causal agent of phoma stem canker than the existing speciesLeptosphaeria biglobosa3. A strong correlation found between sulphur dioxide concentration and the ratio ofPhaeosphaeria nodorumtoZymoseptoria graminicolain archived wheat samples at Rothamsted Research (1844 to date) suggests that subtle environmental changes can also cause changes in pathogen populations4. Ensuring future food security under environmental change is challenging and will require increased understanding ofin plantadisease processes. Effector-triggered defence (ETD) operates against extracellular fungal pathogens byRgene-encoded cell surface receptor-like proteins that trigger cell death only after a period of endophytic pathogen growth5. An example of this is resistance in oilseed rape againstPyrenopeziza brassicaethat operates by preventing asexual sporulation. Exploiting such understanding and developing strategies to control biotic stressors are important to ensure adequate food supply for the future6.