Comparative investigations into the feeding ecology of six Mantodea species
Comparative investigations into the feeding ecology of six Mantodea species
复制标题
六种螳螂摄食生态学的比较研究
DOI：
10.1007/bf00318324
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
W. Nentwig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Reitze;W. Nentwig
对绿旋螳螂（Sphodromantis viridis）、铜绿多斑蛛（Polyspilota aeruginosa）、单斑Hierodula unimaculata、拟山蛭（Parasphendale agrionia）、宗教螳螂（Mantis religiosaandEmpusa pennata）等6种螳螂进行了室内饲养试验。螳螂跟踪猎物，用前腿抓住猎物，然后猛扑过去。只有活的猎物被选中，并在捕获后直接食用。捕食者通过视觉来定位自己，因此只注意移动的猎物。螳螂可以压倒的猎物的最大尺寸是物种特异性的，并取决于猎物的类型。平均而言，螳螂吃掉相当于自身体重50%的蟋蟀，而蟑螂的体重则高达110%。对21目101种潜在猎物的摄食试验表明，捕食者的平均摄食率为70%，捕食者之间的差异显著，多斑螳螂是最不专化的，而Empus捕食量最小。大多数节肢动物对它们的敌人发展起来的防御机制被证明对螳螂无效。无论是坚硬的几丁质外骨骼还是有毒物质都无法阻止螳螂成功地攻击猎物。棉花染色剂中间皮蠹的保护性分泌物至少在少数情况下被证明是有效的。即使这些昆虫被杀死，螳螂通常拒绝吃腹部，那里有产生保护性分泌物的腺体。死亡，如由chrysomelidCassida viridis和由phasmidCarausius morosus展示的，被证明是对螳螂的最佳保护。
Six mantid species (Sphodromantis viridis, Polyspilota aeruginosa, Hierodula unimaculata, Parasphendale agrionia, Mantis religiosaandEmpusa pennata) were studied in laboratory feeding experiments. Mantids stalk their prey and pounce on it, grasping it with their forelegs. Only living prey is selected and it is consumed directly after the catch. The predator orients itself optically, and therefore only takes notice of moving prey. The maximum size of prey which mantids can overwhelm is species-specific and depends on the prey type. On average mantids eat crickets of 50% their own body-weight while cockroaches can weigh up to 110%. Feeding experiments with 101 species of potential prey of 21 invertebrate orders showed an average feeding rate of 70% and marked differences among the predators.Polyspilotaproved to be the least specialized mantid andEmpusacaught the smallest amount of prey. Most of the defence mechanisms which arthropods have developed against their enemies proved to be ineffective against mantids. Neither a hard chitinous exoskeleton nor poisonous substances prevented the mantids from attacking their prey successfully. The protective secretion of the cotton stainerDysdercus intermediusproved to be effective at least in a few instances. Even though these bugs were killed, the mantids usually refused to eat the abdomen, where the glands that produce the protective secretion are to be found. Thanatosis, as exhibited by the chrysomelidCassida viridisand by the phasmidCarausius morosus, proved to be the best protection against mantids.