Biomonitoring of exposure to pesticides
Biomonitoring of exposure to pesticides
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jchas.2008.07.001
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Barr, Dana B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barr, Dana B.
杀虫剂是广泛使用的化学品，使得人类接触杀虫剂成为现实的可能性。生物监测是评估人类接触农药的常见且有用的工具。在过去的几十年里，已经开发出测量人类尿液或血液中多种农药的方法来评估接触情况。其中许多方法都采用了色谱法和质谱法等分析技术来准确测量几类农药的尿代谢物或血液负荷。评估的农药包括禁用的有机氯农药、更现代的有机磷、氨基甲酸酯和拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂，以及包括苯氧乙酸和三嗪在内的各种除草剂。这些方法能够检测因职业接触农药而产生的生物样品中的浓度，并且在某些情况下，能够检测来自住宅或饮食接触的一般背景接触。这些数据已用于各种应用。他们记录了农药接触的普遍性，使我们能够确定某些人群接触农药的主要预测因素，帮助我们确定最重要的接触途径，并帮助我们更好地了解与接触相关的任何潜在风险。此外，这些方法还帮助我们记录中毒病例并在危机情况下识别病原体。我们讨论了过去 40 年来所采用的方法以及这些方法如何解决关键的公共卫生问题。
Pesticides are widely used chemicals making human exposure to pesticides a realistic possibility. Biomonitoring is a common and useful tool for assessing human exposure to pesticides. For the past several decades, methods have been developed to measure a variety of pesticides in human urine or blood to evaluate exposures. Many of these methods have employed analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry to accurately measure urinary metabolites or blood body burdens of several classes of pesticides. The pesticides assessed include the banned organochlorine pesticides, the more modern organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides along with a variety of herbicides including phenoxyacetic acids and triazines. These methods are capable of detecting concentrations in biological samples resulting from occupational exposures to pesticides, and in some instances, general background exposures from residential or dietary exposures. These data have been used for a variety of applications. They have documented the pervasiveness of pesticide exposures, have allowed us to determine the primary predictors of exposure in certain populations, have helped us to identify the most important pathways of exposure, and have helped us to better understand any potential risks associated with exposures. In addition, these methods have helped us to document poisoning cases and identify etiologic agents in crisis situations. We discuss the methods that have been employed over the last 40 years and how these methods have addressed critical public health questions.