Ultraviolet diagnostic of porosity-free mass-loss estimates in B stars

Ultraviolet diagnostic of porosity-free mass-loss estimates in B stars
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B 星中无孔隙质量损失估计的紫外诊断

DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201321799
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Prinja R
Prinja R
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Prinja R

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我们试图建立证据,在UV P天鹅座线剖面风丛生和孔隙度的迹象随速度而变化。我们的目标是证明经验,而在大多数风速光学厚团块只覆盖恒星表面的一小部分,接近终端速度窄吸收组件(NACs)出现在紫外线的覆盖因子近似是统一的。SEI线合成模型被用来确定在12个B 0至B4超巨星的样品中的SiIV 1400共振线偶极子的蓝色和红色分量的径向光学深度。我们专注于发达的NACs和相对较低的终端速度,使SiIV的双重组件可以被视为辐射去耦和独立形成的恒星。对于所有12颗恒星,在NAC中蓝色与红色分量的平均光学深度比(即振子强度比)比在中等和较低速度下更接近~ 2。质量损失率与根据NAC光学深度计算的Si^3+离子分数的乘积比在约0.4至0.6的终速下采样的质量损失值高出约2至9倍。由于风有效地成为“顺利”在高NAC的速度和柱密度均匀分布在恒星盘,光学深度的NAC不严重影响孔隙度和这一功能,从而提供了最可靠的测量质量损失率的紫外线。讨论了这一结果在晚O型矮星的弱风问题和早O型超巨星的PV质量损失不协调中的应用。
We seek to establish evidence in UV P Cygni line profiles that the signs of wind clumping and porosity vary with velocity. We aim to demonstrate empirically that while at most wind velocities optically thick clumps cover only a fraction of the stellar surface, close to the terminal velocity where narrow absorption components (NACs) appear in UV lines the covering factor is approximately unity. SEI line-synthesis models are used to determine the radial optical depths of blue and red components of the SiIV 1400 resonance line doublet in a sample of 12 B0 to B4 supergiants. We focus on stars with well developed NACs and relatively low terminal velocity so that the SiIV doublet components can be treated as radiatively decoupled and formed independently. For all 12 stars the mean optical depth ratio of the blue to red components is closer to ~ 2 (i.e. the ratio of oscillator strengths) in the NACs than at intermediate and lower velocities. The product of mass-loss rate and Si^3+ ion fraction calculated from the NAC optical depths is a factor of ~ 2 to 9 higher compared to mass-loss values sampled at ~ 0.4 to 0.6 of the terminal velocity. Since the wind effectively becomes `smooth' at the high NAC velocities and the column density is uniformly distributed over the stellar disk, the optical depths of the NACs are not seriously affected by porosity and this feature thus provides the most reliable measurement of mass-loss rate in the UV lines. Applications of this result to the weak-wind problem of late O-dwarf stars and the "PV mass loss discordance" in early O supergiants are discussed.
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