Genetic and environmental influences on academic achievement trajectories during adolescence
Genetic and environmental influences on academic achievement trajectories during adolescence
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.42.3.514
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Iacono, William G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnson, Wendy;McGue, Matt;Iacono, William G.
大多数研究都单独考虑了特定特征对学业成就的影响，这意味着对它们如何共同发挥作用知之甚少。使用基于人口的明尼苏达州双胞胎家庭研究，作者调查了11岁至17岁儿童的学业参与（兴趣，参与，努力），智商，抑郁，外化行为和家庭环境风险对学业成就（报告的学校成绩）的影响。分层线性增长曲线模型显示，所有变量的初始报告等级的主要影响，和智商减轻家庭风险和外部化的有害影响。只有参与通过青春期影响等级的变化。对初始年级的影响受到强烈的遗传影响，主要与智商，参与和外化行为有关。共享环境对初始年级的影响与参与度、智商和家庭风险有关。遗传对成绩变化的影响是实质性的，但它们与学术，家庭风险和心理健康协变因素无关。这些结果表明，11岁的成就和成就的变化，通过青春期表现出系统的模式和文件的存在，在共同分享的发展经验，适应学校环境的个体差异。
Most studies have considered the effects of particular characteristics on academic achievement individually, which means that little is known about how they function together. Using the population-based Minnesota Twin Family Study, the authors investigated the effects of child academic engagement (interest, involvement, effort), IQ, depression, externalizing behavior, and family environmental risk on academic achievement (reported school grades) from ages 11 through 17. Hierarchical linear growth curve modeling showed main effects on initial reported Grades for all variables, and IQ mitigated the deleterious effects of family risk and externalizing. Only engagement affected change in Grades through adolescence. Influences on initial Grades were strongly genetically influenced, associated primarily with IQ, engagement, and externalizing behavior. Shared environmental influences on initial Grades linked engagement, IQ, and family risk. Genetic influences on change in Grades were substantial, but they were not associated with the academic, family risk, and mental health covarying factors. These results indicate that age 11 achievement and change in achievement through adolescence show systematic patterns and document the existence of individual differences in the commonly shared developmental experience of adapting to the school environment.