Attention during visual secondary tasks in driving: Adaptation to the demands of the driving task
Attention during visual secondary tasks in driving: Adaptation to the demands of the driving task
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trf.2011.04.004
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Krueger, Hans-Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Metz, Barbara;Schoemig, Nadja;Krueger, Hans-Peter
比较了两个视觉次要任务中驾驶中的视觉注意力和视觉次要任务。 N = 40 名受试者在基于运动的驾驶模拟器中完成了 1 小时的试驾。在驾驶过程中，参与者要么解决外部节奏的、高要求的视觉任务，要么解决自定节奏的菜单系统任务。次要任务是在定义的关键和非关键驾驶情况下提供的。对这两项任务的眼动行为进行了分析和比较。在开始次要任务之前，眼动行为显示出较小的注视标准偏差以及两项任务的较长注视持续时间。两个任务之间的比较表明，驾驶员利用了自定进度任务提供的可能性：在次要任务期间，他们以更长的注视时间监视驾驶场景，并显示出更大的注视位置标准偏差。此外，无论次要任务的类型如何，驾驶员都会根据情况的要求调整他们的眼球运动行为。在关键的驾驶情况下，他们会将更大比例的扫视时间用于驾驶任务。最后，分析了视线行为与碰撞之间的关系。结果表明，碰撞与分心时注意力分配不充分有关。结果被解释为涉及视觉次要任务的驾驶注意力过程。基于两个次要任务之间的相似性和差异，开发了一种认知方法，该方法假设分心期间的注意力控制基于驾驶情况的心理情境模型。 (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Visual attention in driving with visual secondary task is compared for two visual secondary tasks. N = 40 subjects completed a 1 h test drive in a motion-base driving simulator. During the drive, participants either solved an externally paced, highly demanding visual task or a self paced menu system task. The secondary tasks were offered in defined critical and non-critical driving situations. Eye movement behavior was analyzed and compared for both tasks. Before starting the secondary tasks, eye movement behavior shows a smaller standard deviation of gaze as well as longer fixation durations for both tasks. The comparison between the two tasks indicates that drivers use the possibilities the self paced task offers: during the secondary task, they monitor the driving scene with longer fixations and show a greater standard deviation of gaze position. Furthermore, independently of the type of secondary task, drivers adapt their eye movement behavior to the demands of the situation. In critical driving situations they direct a larger proportion of glance time to the driving task. Last, the relation between glance behavior and collisions is analyzed. Results indicate that collisions go together with an inadequate distribution of attention during distraction. The results are interpreted regarding the attentional processes involved in driving with visual secondary tasks. Based on the similarities and differences between the two secondary tasks, a cognitive approach is developed which assumes that the control of attention during distraction is based on a mental situational model of the driving situation. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.