Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of membrane transport
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of membrane transport
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DOI：
10.1002/aic.10082
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发表时间：
2004-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hwang, ST
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hwang, ST
所有的膜过程都是非平衡过程。描述特定膜过程的传递方程必须满足非平衡态热力学原理。然而，在文献中可以找到许多通过膜的通量作为驱动力的函数的表达式，而不求助于非平衡态热力学。事实上，对于特定的膜过程，通量和驱动力的选择常常似乎是任意的和偶然的;这归因于历史的发展。反渗透和超滤工艺是一些例外情况。Katchalsky及其同事成功地应用Onsager的非平衡态热力学原理分析了反渗透和超滤过程。非平衡热力学分析的一个概括性的论述是所有不同的膜过程，包括气体渗透，渗透蒸发，透析，反渗透，超滤，微滤，和电渗析。从熵产生项出发，确定了各膜过程的通量和驱动力，并给出了通量和驱动力之间的线性关系式及相应的系数。只要有可能，就将这些实体与常规实体等同起来。作为这种处理的结果，通量方程更一般化，以包含具有代表耦合现象的附加驱动力的附加项。(C)2004年美国化学工程师学会。
All membrane processes are nonequilibrium processes. The transport equation describing a particular membrane process must satisfy the principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. However, many expressions for the flux through a membrane as functions of the driving forces can be found in the literature without resorting to nonequilibrium thermodynamics. In fact, the choice of fluxes and driving forces for a particular membrane process frequently seems to be arbitrary and accidental; this is attributed to historical developments. Some exceptions are the cases of reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration processes. Katchalsky and coworkers succesfully applied the principles of nonequilibrium thermodynamics by Onsager to analyze reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration processes. A generalized treatise of nonequilibrium thermodynamic analysis is given for all different membrane processes including gas permeation, pervaporation, dialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and electrodialysis. Starting from the entropy production term, fluxes and driving forces are ascertained for each membrane process and the linear expressions between fluxes and driving forces are presented with corresponding coefficients. These are identified with the conventional entities whenever possible. As a consequence of this treatment, flux equations are more generalized to contain additional terms with additional driving forces representing the coupling phenomena. (C) 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.