Genomics of Fungal- and Oomycete-Soybean Interactions
Genomics of Fungal- and Oomycete-Soybean Interactions
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DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-72299-3_14
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发表时间：
2008
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Tyler
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Tyler
历史上称为真菌的植物病原体包括真菌界(真菌界)和斯特拉菌界(卵菌界)的生物体。作为趋同进化的结果，真正的真菌和卵菌在克服植物防御反应和致病方面进化出相似的结构和生理策略。因此，这两组病原体将在本章中一并讨论。由真菌和卵菌病原体引起的疾病约占美国和世界各地大豆疾病损失的50%(Wraise等人。2001a，2003年；Wraw和Koenning，2006年)。其中，经济上最重要的是由大豆疫霉(Phytophthora Sojae)引起的根和茎腐烂，由维氏镰刀菌(Fusarium Virguliforme)引起的猝死综合征。茄病镰刀菌Fusum solani f.sp.甘氨酸)和由菜豆巨藻(Macrophomina Phaseolina)引起的木炭腐烂(Wraise等人2001a，2003年；Wraw和Koenning，2006年)。由Phakopsora pachyRhi引起的大豆锈病在亚洲造成严重的大豆产量损失，在非洲、南美洲和夏威夷也是一个问题(Miles等人。2003年)。病原体最近到达了美国本土，但尚未造成重大损失，尽管预测表明，如果病原体得到很好的确立，美国南部各州的损失可能超过50%，其他地方可能超过10%(Kuchler等人)。1984年)。豆腐病菌(豆荚和茎枯病；拟南星种子腐烂病)、菜豆褐腐病(褐腐病)和尖孢镰刀菌(镰刀菌根腐病)也导致大豆显著减产(Wraw等人)。2001a，2003年；Wraw和Koenning，2006年)。这些真菌和卵菌病中的大多数对杀菌剂防治都很难控制，因为它们是通过土壤传播的。因此，控制在很大程度上依赖于文化习俗。
Plant pathogens historically called fungi include organisms belonging to the kingdom Mycota (true fungi) and those belonging to the kingdom Stramenopila (oomycetes). As a result of convergent evolution, true fungi and oomycetes evolved similar structures and physiological strategies for overcoming plant defense responses and causing disease. Therefore, the two groups of pathogens will be discussed together in this chapter. Diseases caused by fungal and oomycete pathogens account for approximately 50% of all soybean disease losses in the US and around the world (Wrather et al. 2001a, 2003; Wrather and Koenning 2006). Of these, the economically most important are root and stem rot caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, sudden death syndrome caused by Fusarium virguliforme (syn. Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines), and charcoal rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Wrather et al. 2001a, 2003; Wrather and Koenning 2006). Soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi causes severe soybean yield losses in Asia, and is also a problem in Africa, South America and Hawaii (Miles et al. 2003). The pathogen recently reached the USA mainland, but has not yet caused significant losses, although projections suggest that losses in the USA could exceed 50% in southern states and 10% elsewhere if the pathogen becomes well established (Kuchler et al. 1984). Diaporthe phaseolorum var sojae (Pod and stem blight; Phomopsis seed rot), Phialophora gregata (brown stem rot) and Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium root rot) also cause significant yield reduction in soybean (Wrather et al. 2001a, 2003; Wrather and Koenning 2006). Most of these fungal and oomycete diseases are refractory to fungicide control, because they are soil-borne. Therefore, control relies heavily on cultural practices