Systematic review of membrane components of gram-positive bacteria responsible as pyrogens for inducing human monocyte/macrophage cytokine release.
Systematic review of membrane components of gram-positive bacteria responsible as pyrogens for inducing human monocyte/macrophage cytokine release.
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DOI：
10.3389/fphar.2012.00056
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Hartung T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rockel C;Hartung T
内毒素是革兰氏阴性菌激活人体免疫系统的主要结构，在其被阐明50年后，其革兰氏阳性菌的主要结构仍在争论之中。基于人类单核细胞激活的热原试验已被证实可用于内毒素检测，以替代兔试验和日益增多的变形细胞裂解物试验。对于完全替代，非内毒素热原的国际验证正在准备中。遵循循证医学的方法，对关于革兰氏阳性热原的结构性质的现有证据进行了系统的审查。对于建议的三种主要成分，即肽聚糖、脂磷壁酸(LTA)和细菌脂蛋白(LP)，需要回答的问题和相关文献的搜索策略从Medline开始。该评估是基于Koch-Dale的效果调解人标准。共检索到380篇关于肽聚糖的文章，391篇关于LP的文章，285篇关于LTA的文章，其中分别有12篇、8篇和24篇符合纳入标准。汇编的数据表明，对于肽聚糖，满足两个Koch-Dale标准，四个用于LTA，两个用于细菌LP。总而言之，根据目前可用的最佳证据，LTA是唯一符合所有标准的物质。LTA已经从大量的细菌中分离出来，导致细胞因子的释放模式也可以与合成的LTA一起诱导。LTA的抑制剂减少了细菌细胞因子的诱导。然而，这一系统性综述不能排除在一些革兰氏阳性细菌中，其他刺激性化合物补充或替代LTA作为内毒素的对应物的可能性。
Fifty years after the elucidation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) as the principal structure of Gram-negative bacteria activating the human immune system, its Gram-positive counterpart is still under debate. Pyrogen tests based on the human monocyte activation have been validated for LPS detection as an alternative to the rabbit test and, increasingly, the limulus amebocyte lysate test. For full replacement, international validations with non-endotoxin pyrogens are in preparation. Following evidence-based medicine approaches, a systematic review of existing evidence as to the structural nature of the Gram-positive pyrogen was undertaken. For the three major constituents suggested, i.e., peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids (LTA), and bacterial lipoproteins (LP), the questions to be answered and a search strategy for relevant literature was developed, starting in MedLine. The evaluation was based on the Koch–Dale criteria for a mediator of an effect. A total of 380 articles for peptidoglycan, 391 for LP, and 285 for LTA were retrieved of which 12, 8, and 24, respectively, fulfilled inclusion criteria. The compiled data suggest that for peptidoglycan two Koch–Dale criteria are fulfilled, four for LTA, and two for bacterial LP. In conclusion, based on the best currently available evidence, LTA is the only substance that fulfills all criteria. LTA has been isolated from a large number of bacteria, results in cytokine release patterns inducible also with synthetic LTA. Reduction in bacterial cytokine induction with an inhibitor for LTA was shown. However, this systematic review cannot exclude the possibility that other stimulatory compounds complement or substitute for LTA in being the counterpart to LPS in some Gram-positive bacteria.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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