Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma: mechanistic similarities and differences.
Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma: mechanistic similarities and differences.
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DOI：
10.1097/ijg.0b013e3182934af6
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Rostagno, Agueda A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ghiso, Jorge A;Doudevski, Ivo;Rostagno, Agueda A
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是痴呆症最常见的形式。神经元内神经原纤维缠结，细胞外淀粉样蛋白沉积以淀粉样斑块和脑淀粉样血管病变的形式存在，突触和神经元丢失共存于脑实质，边缘区域受影响最严重。典型的临床表现是人格改变、进行性认知功能障碍和丧失日常生活活动能力。视力损害很常见，而且似乎与疾病的严重程度有关，这表明视觉测试可能提供了一种筛查和跟踪AD变化的方法。尽管仍不完全了解，但研究和临床结果表明，AD和青光眼之间可能存在共同的因果关系。这两种慢性神经退行性疾病具有共同的生物学和机制特征，其中(1)强烈的年龄相关性发病，(2)视网膜神经节细胞变性，(3)剥脱综合征的细胞外纤维沉积，这是青光眼最常见的原因，提示这两种疾病可能源于相似的错误折叠机制。介绍与这些疾病相关的常见致病途径，包括细胞死亡机制、活性氧(ROS)产生、线粒体功能障碍和血管异常，将作为进一步探索的起点。
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular Abeta amyloid deposits in the form of amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and synaptic and neuronal loss co-exist in the brain parenchyma, with the limbic areas being the most severely affected. The classic clinical findings are personality changes, progressive cognitive dysfunction, and loss of ability to perform activities of daily living. Visual impairment is common and appears related to disease severity, suggesting that visual testing may provide a method of screening and tracking AD changes. Although still not fully understood, research and clinical findings point to a possible common causal relationship between AD and glaucoma. These two chronic neurodegenerative disorders share biological and mechanistic features, among them (1) a strong age-related incidence, (2) retinal ganglion cell degeneration, and (3) extracellular fibrillar deposits in exfoliation syndrome, the most common recognizable cause of glaucoma, suggesting that both diseases may originate from similar misfolding mechanisms. A presentation of common pathogenetic pathways associated with these disorders, including cell death mechanisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular abnormalities, will serve as an initiation point for further exploration.