Concepts of skin protection: Considerations for the evaluation and terminology of the performance of skin protective equipment
Concepts of skin protection: Considerations for the evaluation and terminology of the performance of skin protective equipment
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DOI：
10.1080/15459620500220453
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Cherrie, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brouwer, DH;Aitken, RJ;Cherrie, JW
本文提出了一个共同的语言，以更好地理解过程中涉及的皮肤接触和皮肤保护。一个概念模型已经开发，系统地描述了代理质量从源的运输。最终导致皮肤表面或皮肤污染物层的“负载”。根据统一的暴露术语表，这被认为是暴露表面。加载定义为呈现该层的药剂质量除以暴露表面积。皮肤防护设备（SPE）旨在通过干预暴露表面的加载过程来减少吸收，即药剂穿过皮肤的吸收屏障：然而，设备的设计可能无法完全覆盖皮肤表面。另外，被固相萃取截留的部分物质可以通过渗透、穿透等方式到达裙部表面。或通过接触SPE污染的外部时的转移。SPE性能的评估早期集中在渗透的耐化学性性能测试上。渗透或SPE材料降解。然而，在使用场景实践中，所有过程都将并发发生。因此。需要进行SPE现场性能评估，包括与材料测试互补的用户与SPE互动。SPE材料的实验室测试结果报告为物质特定的穿透时间和渗透速率。应评估SPE现场性能，以减少吸收或反映皮肤接触结果的参数。理想的情况是，这应该基于干预型工作场所研究的结果，为（例如）。暴露负荷评估）。减少水平可以表示为皮肤接触或吸收的不同参数的保护系数（无/有SPE的比率）。得出的结论是，对于SPE型性能的评估，可以推导出与物质无关的过程的通用保护系数（例如，减少接触负荷），但不是针对具体物质的吸收减少。
This article proposes a common language for better understanding processes involved in dermal exposure and skin protection. A conceptual model has been developed that systematically describes the transport of agent mass from sources. eventually resulting in "loading" of the skin sur face or the skin contaminant layer. In view of a harmonized glossary of exposure terminology this is considered the exposure surface. Loading is defined as agent mass presenting this layer divided by the exposure surface area. Skin protective equipment (SPE) is meant to reduce uptake, that is, an agent crosses the absorption barrier of the skin, by intervening in the processes of loading the exposure surface: however, the design of the equipment may fail to cover skin surface entirely. In addition, part of the mass intercepted by the SPE may reach the skirl surface either by permeation, penetration. or by transfer when touching the contaminated exterior of the SPE. Evaluation of SPE performance has earlier focused on chemical resistance performance testing for permeation. penetration, or degradation of SPE materials. In use-scenario practice, however; all processes will occur concurrently. Thus. SPE field performance evaluation including user-SPE interaction complementary to material testing is warranted. Results of laboratory testing for SPE-materials are reported as substance-specific breakthrough times and permeation rates. SPE field performance should be evaluated for reduction of either uptake or parameters that reflect the outcome of dermal exposure. Ideally, this should be based on the results of intervention-type workplace studies, for (e.g.. assessment of exposure loading). The level of reduction can be expressed as a protection factor (ratio without/with SPE) for different parameters of dermal exposure or uptake. It is concluded that for evaluation of SPE-type performance, generic protection factors can be derived for substance-independent processes (e.g., reduction of exposure loading) but not for substance-specific reduction of uptake.