Variability in the microbial communities and hydrothermal fluid chemistry at the newly discovered Mariner hydrothermal field, southern Lau Basin
Variability in the microbial communities and hydrothermal fluid chemistry at the newly discovered Mariner hydrothermal field, southern Lau Basin
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DOI：
10.1029/2007jg000636
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发表时间：
2008-06
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Takai;T. Nunoura;J. Ishibashi;J. Lupton;R. Suzuki;H. Hamasaki;Y. Ueno;S. Kawagucci;T. Gamo;Yohey Suzuki;H. Hirayama;K. Horikoshi
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文献类型：
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作者：
K. Takai;T. Nunoura;J. Ishibashi;J. Lupton;R. Suzuki;H. Hamasaki;Y. Ueno;S. Kawagucci;T. Gamo;Yohey Suzuki;H. Hirayama;K. Horikoshi
[1]对Lau盆地南部Valu Fa海岭上一个新发现的热液田（称为水手田）进行了勘探，并进行了地球化学和微生物分析。从最活跃的喷口（雪烟囱，最高排放温度365摄氏度）排放的热液在1 908米深的海底沸腾，并确定了两种不同的端元热液。分析了典型的富Cl和贫Cl热液流体的流体化学，以及主烟囱结构的矿物学。流体化学的变化可能受到海底相分离（蒸汽损失过程）和微生物社群活动的控制。采用培养依赖和非培养依赖技术研究了三种烟囱结构中的微生物群落结构。小亚基（SSU）rRNA基因克隆分析表明，细菌和古细菌rRNA基因社区的烟囱表面不同的三个烟囱。培养分析表明显着的变化，在可培养的各种微生物组分之间的烟囱，特别是嗜热H2-氧化（和S-氧化）化能无机自养生物，如属Aquifex和Persephonella。烟囱表面生境的物理和化学环境仍然没有得到解决，不能直接推断可能的海底下生境的环境。然而，在烟囱中发现的微生物群落的变化也提供了一个洞察不同的生物地球化学相互作用可能受到海底热液生境中热液流体相分离的影响。此外，与其他深海热液系统的比较显示，水手油田微生物群落具有不寻常的特征。
[1] A newly discovered hydrothermal field called the Mariner field on the Valu Fa Ridge in the southern Lau Basin was explored and characterized with geochemical and microbiological analyses. The hydrothermal fluid discharging from the most vigorous vent (Snow Chimney, maximum discharge temperature 365°C) was boiling at the seafloor at a depth of 1908 m, and two distinct end-member hydrothermal fluids were identified. The fluid chemistry of the typical Cl-enriched and Cl-depleted hydrothermal fluids was analyzed, as was the mineralogy of the host chimney structures. The variability in the fluid chemistry was potentially controlled by the subseafloor phase-separation (vapor loss process) and the microbial community activities. Microbial community structures in three chimney structures were investigated using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. The small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene clone analysis revealed that both bacterial and archaeal rRNA gene communities on the chimney surfaces differed among three chimneys. Cultivation analysis demonstrated significant variation in the culturability of various microbial components among the chimneys, particularly of thermophilic H2-oxidizing (and S-oxidizing) chemolithoautotrophs such as the genera Aquifex and Persephonella. The physical and chemical environments of chimney surface habitats are still unresolved and do not directly extrapolate the environments of possible subseafloor habitats. However, the variability in microbial community found in the chimneys also provides an insight into the different biogeochemical interactions potentially affected by the phase separation of the hydrothermal fluids in the subseafloor hydrothermal habitats. In addition, comparison with other deep-sea hydrothermal systems revealed that the Mariner field microbial communities have unusual characteristics.