Chilling Effects: Online Surveillance and Wikipedia Use
Chilling Effects: Online Surveillance and Wikipedia Use
复制标题
寒蝉效应：在线监控和维基百科的使用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Penney
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Penney
本文讨论了第一个实证研究的结果，提供了维基百科用户与在线政府监控相关的监管“寒蝉效应”的证据。该研究探讨了在2013年6月NSA/PRISM监控曝光后，维基百科上引起维基百科用户隐私担忧的主题文章的流量如何下降。使用跨学科的研究设计，该研究测试了基于寒蝉效应理论的假设，即在大规模监控曝光后，对隐私敏感的维基百科文章的流量减少了。这篇文章发现，2013年6月之后，这些维基百科条目的流量不仅在统计上显著下降，而且浏览量的总体长期趋势也发生了变化，这表明NSA/PRISM在线监控曝光不仅会立即产生影响，而且会产生长期的寒蝉效应。这些以及案例研究的其他结果不仅为与在线监控相关的寒蝉效应提供了令人信服的证据，而且还提供了关于我们应该如何理解这种寒蝉效应及其范围的重要见解，包括它们如何与其他戏剧性或重大事件（如战争和冲突）相互作用，以及它们对隐私，美国宪法诉讼和民主社会健康的更广泛影响。这项研究是第一个证明-使用维基百科数据或更普遍的网络流量数据-政府监控和类似行动如何影响在线活动，包括在线获取信息和知识。
This article discusses the results of the first empirical study providing evidence of regulatory “chilling effects” of Wikipedia users associated with online government surveillance. The study explores how traffic to Wikipedia articles on topics that raise privacy concerns for Wikipedia users decreased after the widespread publicity about NSA/PRISM surveillance revelations in June 2013. Using an interdisciplinary research design, the study tests the hypothesis, based on chilling effects theory, that traffic to privacy-sensitive Wikipedia articles reduced after the mass surveillance revelations. The Article finds not only a statistically significant immediate decline in traffic for these Wikipedia articles after June 2013, but also a change in the overall secular trend in the view count traffic, suggesting not only immediate but also long-term chilling effects resulting from the NSA/PRISM online surveillance revelations. These, and other results from the case study, not only offer compelling evidence for chilling effects associated with online surveillance, but also offer important insights about how we should understand such chilling effects and their scope, including how they interact with other dramatic or significant events (like war and conflict) and their broader implications for privacy, U.S. constitutional litigation, and the health of democratic society. This study is among the first to demonstrate — using either Wikipedia data or web traffic data more generally — how government surveillance and similar actions may impact online activities, including access to information and knowledge online.